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[td]==History==[/td] [td]===Ad Hoc Committee on Orthopox Infections===[/td]
[td]===Ad Hoc Committee on Orthopox Infections===[/td] [td]An ''[[Ad Hoc]]'' Committee on Orthopox Infections, advising the WHO, has debated the fate of the remaining samples of smallpox in the remaining two official repositories since 1980. Smallpox expert [[D. A. Henderson]] has been foremost in favor of destruction, while [[U.S. Army]] scientist [[Peter Jahrling]] has argued against it on the basis that further research is needed, since he believes that smallpox almost certainly exists outside of the repositories.<ref>[[Richard Preston|Preston, Richard]] (2002), ''[[The Demon in the Freezer]]''.{{page needed|date=September 2021}}</ref> Other scientists have expressed similar opinions.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Damon|first1=Inger k|title=Are we there yet? The smallpox research agenda using variola virus|last2=Damaso|first2=Clarissa R|last3=McFadden|first3=Grant|journal = PLOS Pathogens|volume=10|issue=5|pages=e1004108|date=May 1, 2014|doi = 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004108|pmid=24789223|pmc=4006926 |doi-access=free }}</ref>[/td]
[td]An ''[[Ad Hoc]]'' Committee on Orthopox Infections, advising the WHO, has debated the fate of the remaining samples of smallpox in the remaining two official repositories since 1980. Smallpox expert [[D. A. Henderson]] has been foremost in favor of destruction, while [[U.S. Army]] scientist [[Peter Jahrling]] has argued against it on the basis that further research is needed, since he believes that smallpox almost certainly exists outside of the repositories.<ref>[[Richard Preston|Preston, Richard]] (2002), ''[[The Demon in the Freezer]]''.{{page needed|date=September 2021}}</ref> Other scientists have expressed similar opinions.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Damon|first1=Inger k|title=Are we there yet? The smallpox research agenda using variola virus|last2=Damaso|first2=Clarissa R|last3=McFadden|first3=Grant|journal = PLOS Pathogens|volume=10|issue=5|article-number=e1004108|date=May 1, 2014|doi = 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004108|pmid=24789223|pmc=4006926 |doi-access=free }}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]===U.S. pro-retention argument (2011)===[/td]
[td]===U.S. pro-retention argument (2011)===[/td] [td]===Post-1984 discovery instances===[/td]
[td]===Post-1984 discovery instances===[/td] [td]{{expand list|date=July 2014}}[/td]
[td]{{expand list|date=July 2014}}[/td] [td]* In 2013, [[molecular cloning|cloned]] ''variola major'' (smallpox) DNA fragments were found in a [[South Africa]]n laboratory. The WHO arranged to oversee their destruction, which took place in January 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB134/B134_34-en.pdf|title=Smallpox eradication: destruction of variola virus stocks Report by the Secretariat|id=134th session |date=20 December 2013|publisher=World Health Organisation Executive Board EB134/34 134th session}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite journal|last=Reardon|first=Sara|date=2014-10-30|title='Forgotten' NIH smallpox virus languishes on death row|journal=Nature|volume=514|issue=7524|pages=544|doi=10.1038/514544a|pmid=25355337|bibcode=2014Natur.514..544R|doi-access=free}}</ref>[/td]
[td]* In 2013, [[molecular cloning|cloned]] ''variola major'' (smallpox) DNA fragments were found in a [[South Africa]]n laboratory. The WHO arranged to oversee their destruction, which took place in January 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB134/B134_34-en.pdf|title=Smallpox eradication: destruction of variola virus stocks Report by the Secretariat|id=134th session |date=20 December 2013|publisher=World Health Organisation Executive Board EB134/34 134th session}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite journal|last=Reardon|first=Sara|date=2014-10-30|title='Forgotten' NIH smallpox virus languishes on death row|journal=Nature|volume=514|issue=7524|page=544|doi=10.1038/514544a|pmid=25355337|bibcode=2014Natur.514..544R|doi-access=free}}</ref>[/td] [td]* On July 1, 2014, the U.S. [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) notified the regulatory agency, the [[Division of Select Agents and Toxins]] (DSAT) of the CDC, that employees had discovered vials labeled "variola" in an unused portion of a storage room in a U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) laboratory located on the NIH [[Bethesda, Maryland|Bethesda]] campus.<ref name="cdc-discov">{{Cite web |title=CDC Media Statement on Newly Discovered Smallpox Specimens |url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/s0708-NIH.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708205831/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/s0708-NIH.html |archive-date=2014-07-08 |access-date=2014-07-08 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> In a media statement made seven days later, the CDC confirmed that ''variola major'' had been found and it had been transferred to a BSL-4 laboratory at the CDC in [[Atlanta]]. Overnight [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]] testing had shown the vials did contain ''variola major''. The vials were believed to have been from the 1950s.<ref name="cdc-discov" /> Further testing showed that the vials contained viable (live) ''variola major'' virus. As of the end of 2014, the vials were placed in a secure freezer to await destruction. The protocol for destruction of ''variola major'' virus involves a member of the WHO being present at the destruction. Usually the observer watches via [[closed-circuit television]] outside the room where the ''variola virus'' is [[autoclave]]d to destroy it. As a result of the [[Ebola]] outbreak in parts of [[Africa]] around the same time, the WHO were overstretched and stated they had no one locally with sufficient security clearance to enter a BSL-4 laboratory. Due to this the WHO were planning to fly an official into Atlanta to oversee the destruction at a future date.<ref name="auto"/> The vials were finally destroyed on February 24, 2015, under the supervision of WHO officials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/downloads/About...2877.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 13, 2017|title=FDA Review of the 2014 Discovery of Vials Labeled "Variola" and Other Vials Discovered in an FDA-Occupied Building on the NIH Campus|date=13 December 2016|publisher=Director of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA|access-date=21 May 2017}}</ref>[/td]
[td]* On July 1, 2014, the U.S. [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) notified the regulatory agency, the [[Division of Select Agents and Toxins]] (DSAT) of the CDC, that employees had discovered vials labeled "variola" in an unused portion of a storage room in a U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) laboratory located on the NIH [[Bethesda, Maryland|Bethesda]] campus.<ref name="cdc-discov">{{Cite web |title=CDC Media Statement on Newly Discovered Smallpox Specimens |url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/s0708-NIH.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708205831/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/s0708-NIH.html |archive-date=2014-07-08 |access-date=2014-07-08 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> In a media statement made seven days later, the CDC confirmed that ''variola major'' had been found and it had been transferred to a BSL-4 laboratory at the CDC in [[Atlanta]]. Overnight [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]] testing had shown the vials did contain ''variola major''. The vials were believed to have been from the 1950s.<ref name="cdc-discov" /> Further testing showed that the vials contained viable (live) ''variola major'' virus. As of the end of 2014, the vials were placed in a secure freezer to await destruction. The protocol for destruction of ''variola major'' virus involves a member of the WHO being present at the destruction. Usually the observer watches via [[closed-circuit television]] outside the room where the ''variola virus'' is [[autoclave]]d to destroy it. As a result of the [[Ebola]] outbreak in parts of [[Africa]] around the same time, the WHO were overstretched and stated they had no one locally with sufficient security clearance to enter a BSL-4 laboratory. Due to this the WHO were planning to fly an official into Atlanta to oversee the destruction at a future date.<ref name="auto"/> The vials were finally destroyed on February 24, 2015, under the supervision of WHO officials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/downloads/About...2877.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 13, 2017|title=FDA Review of the 2014 Discovery of Vials Labeled "Variola" and Other Vials Discovered in an FDA-Occupied Building on the NIH Campus|date=13 December 2016|publisher=Director of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA|access-date=21 May 2017}}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
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[td]==History==[/td]Revision as of 04:02, 3 September 2025
[/td][td]==History==[/td] [td]===Ad Hoc Committee on Orthopox Infections===[/td]
[td]===Ad Hoc Committee on Orthopox Infections===[/td] [td]An ''[[Ad Hoc]]'' Committee on Orthopox Infections, advising the WHO, has debated the fate of the remaining samples of smallpox in the remaining two official repositories since 1980. Smallpox expert [[D. A. Henderson]] has been foremost in favor of destruction, while [[U.S. Army]] scientist [[Peter Jahrling]] has argued against it on the basis that further research is needed, since he believes that smallpox almost certainly exists outside of the repositories.<ref>[[Richard Preston|Preston, Richard]] (2002), ''[[The Demon in the Freezer]]''.{{page needed|date=September 2021}}</ref> Other scientists have expressed similar opinions.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Damon|first1=Inger k|title=Are we there yet? The smallpox research agenda using variola virus|last2=Damaso|first2=Clarissa R|last3=McFadden|first3=Grant|journal = PLOS Pathogens|volume=10|issue=5|pages=e1004108|date=May 1, 2014|doi = 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004108|pmid=24789223|pmc=4006926 |doi-access=free }}</ref>[/td]
[td]An ''[[Ad Hoc]]'' Committee on Orthopox Infections, advising the WHO, has debated the fate of the remaining samples of smallpox in the remaining two official repositories since 1980. Smallpox expert [[D. A. Henderson]] has been foremost in favor of destruction, while [[U.S. Army]] scientist [[Peter Jahrling]] has argued against it on the basis that further research is needed, since he believes that smallpox almost certainly exists outside of the repositories.<ref>[[Richard Preston|Preston, Richard]] (2002), ''[[The Demon in the Freezer]]''.{{page needed|date=September 2021}}</ref> Other scientists have expressed similar opinions.<ref>{{Cite journal|last1=Damon|first1=Inger k|title=Are we there yet? The smallpox research agenda using variola virus|last2=Damaso|first2=Clarissa R|last3=McFadden|first3=Grant|journal = PLOS Pathogens|volume=10|issue=5|article-number=e1004108|date=May 1, 2014|doi = 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004108|pmid=24789223|pmc=4006926 |doi-access=free }}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]===U.S. pro-retention argument (2011)===[/td]
[td]===U.S. pro-retention argument (2011)===[/td] [td]===Post-1984 discovery instances===[/td]
[td]===Post-1984 discovery instances===[/td] [td]{{expand list|date=July 2014}}[/td]
[td]{{expand list|date=July 2014}}[/td] [td]* In 2013, [[molecular cloning|cloned]] ''variola major'' (smallpox) DNA fragments were found in a [[South Africa]]n laboratory. The WHO arranged to oversee their destruction, which took place in January 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB134/B134_34-en.pdf|title=Smallpox eradication: destruction of variola virus stocks Report by the Secretariat|id=134th session |date=20 December 2013|publisher=World Health Organisation Executive Board EB134/34 134th session}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite journal|last=Reardon|first=Sara|date=2014-10-30|title='Forgotten' NIH smallpox virus languishes on death row|journal=Nature|volume=514|issue=7524|pages=544|doi=10.1038/514544a|pmid=25355337|bibcode=2014Natur.514..544R|doi-access=free}}</ref>[/td]
[td]* In 2013, [[molecular cloning|cloned]] ''variola major'' (smallpox) DNA fragments were found in a [[South Africa]]n laboratory. The WHO arranged to oversee their destruction, which took place in January 2014.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://apps.who.int/gb/ebwha/pdf_files/EB134/B134_34-en.pdf|title=Smallpox eradication: destruction of variola virus stocks Report by the Secretariat|id=134th session |date=20 December 2013|publisher=World Health Organisation Executive Board EB134/34 134th session}}</ref><ref name="auto">{{Cite journal|last=Reardon|first=Sara|date=2014-10-30|title='Forgotten' NIH smallpox virus languishes on death row|journal=Nature|volume=514|issue=7524|page=544|doi=10.1038/514544a|pmid=25355337|bibcode=2014Natur.514..544R|doi-access=free}}</ref>[/td] [td]* On July 1, 2014, the U.S. [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) notified the regulatory agency, the [[Division of Select Agents and Toxins]] (DSAT) of the CDC, that employees had discovered vials labeled "variola" in an unused portion of a storage room in a U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) laboratory located on the NIH [[Bethesda, Maryland|Bethesda]] campus.<ref name="cdc-discov">{{Cite web |title=CDC Media Statement on Newly Discovered Smallpox Specimens |url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/s0708-NIH.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708205831/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/s0708-NIH.html |archive-date=2014-07-08 |access-date=2014-07-08 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> In a media statement made seven days later, the CDC confirmed that ''variola major'' had been found and it had been transferred to a BSL-4 laboratory at the CDC in [[Atlanta]]. Overnight [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]] testing had shown the vials did contain ''variola major''. The vials were believed to have been from the 1950s.<ref name="cdc-discov" /> Further testing showed that the vials contained viable (live) ''variola major'' virus. As of the end of 2014, the vials were placed in a secure freezer to await destruction. The protocol for destruction of ''variola major'' virus involves a member of the WHO being present at the destruction. Usually the observer watches via [[closed-circuit television]] outside the room where the ''variola virus'' is [[autoclave]]d to destroy it. As a result of the [[Ebola]] outbreak in parts of [[Africa]] around the same time, the WHO were overstretched and stated they had no one locally with sufficient security clearance to enter a BSL-4 laboratory. Due to this the WHO were planning to fly an official into Atlanta to oversee the destruction at a future date.<ref name="auto"/> The vials were finally destroyed on February 24, 2015, under the supervision of WHO officials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/downloads/About...2877.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 13, 2017|title=FDA Review of the 2014 Discovery of Vials Labeled "Variola" and Other Vials Discovered in an FDA-Occupied Building on the NIH Campus|date=13 December 2016|publisher=Director of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA|access-date=21 May 2017}}</ref>[/td]
[td]* On July 1, 2014, the U.S. [[National Institutes of Health]] (NIH) notified the regulatory agency, the [[Division of Select Agents and Toxins]] (DSAT) of the CDC, that employees had discovered vials labeled "variola" in an unused portion of a storage room in a U.S. [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) laboratory located on the NIH [[Bethesda, Maryland|Bethesda]] campus.<ref name="cdc-discov">{{Cite web |title=CDC Media Statement on Newly Discovered Smallpox Specimens |url=https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/s0708-NIH.html |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140708205831/https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/s0708-NIH.html |archive-date=2014-07-08 |access-date=2014-07-08 |website=Centers for Disease Control and Prevention}}</ref> In a media statement made seven days later, the CDC confirmed that ''variola major'' had been found and it had been transferred to a BSL-4 laboratory at the CDC in [[Atlanta]]. Overnight [[Polymerase chain reaction|PCR]] testing had shown the vials did contain ''variola major''. The vials were believed to have been from the 1950s.<ref name="cdc-discov" /> Further testing showed that the vials contained viable (live) ''variola major'' virus. As of the end of 2014, the vials were placed in a secure freezer to await destruction. The protocol for destruction of ''variola major'' virus involves a member of the WHO being present at the destruction. Usually the observer watches via [[closed-circuit television]] outside the room where the ''variola virus'' is [[autoclave]]d to destroy it. As a result of the [[Ebola]] outbreak in parts of [[Africa]] around the same time, the WHO were overstretched and stated they had no one locally with sufficient security clearance to enter a BSL-4 laboratory. Due to this the WHO were planning to fly an official into Atlanta to oversee the destruction at a future date.<ref name="auto"/> The vials were finally destroyed on February 24, 2015, under the supervision of WHO officials.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/downloads/About...2877.pdf|url-status=dead|archive-date=January 13, 2017|title=FDA Review of the 2014 Discovery of Vials Labeled "Variola" and Other Vials Discovered in an FDA-Occupied Building on the NIH Campus|date=13 December 2016|publisher=Director of Laboratory Science and Safety, FDA|access-date=21 May 2017}}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
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