J
Jonathan Markoff
Guest
eliminating outdated links and/or redundant piping
[td]| image1 = Henry IV of france by pourbous younger.jpg[/td] [td]| image2 = Louis XIIIval grace.jpg[/td]
[td]| image2 = Louis XIIIval grace.jpg[/td] [td]| footer = [[Henry IV of France|Henry IV]] (left), by [[Frans Pourbus the younger]] (1610), [[Louis XIII of France|Louis XIII]] (right), by [[Philippe de Champaigne]] (1647)[/td]
[td]| footer = [[Henry IV of France|Henry IV]] (left), by [[Frans Pourbus the younger]] (1610), [[Louis XIII]] (right), by [[Philippe de Champaigne]] (1647)[/td] [td]| align = right[/td]
[td]| align = right[/td] [td]| direction =[/td]
[td]| direction =[/td] [td]====Louis XIV, the Sun King====[/td]
[td]====Louis XIV, the Sun King====[/td] [td]{{Main article|Louis XIV}}[/td]
[td]{{Main article|Louis XIV}}[/td] [td][[File:Louis XIV of France.jpg|thumb|[[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]], a 1701 portrait by [[Hyacinthe Rigaud]]]][/td]
[td][[File:Louis XIV of France.jpg|thumb|[[Louis XIV]], a 1701 portrait by [[Hyacinthe Rigaud]]]][/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]For most of the reign of [[Louis XIV]] (1643β1715), ("The Sun King"), France was the dominant power in Europe, aided by the diplomacy of Cardinal Richelieu's successor as the King's chief minister, (1642β61) [[Cardinal Jules Mazarin]], (1602β1661). Cardinal Mazarin oversaw the creation of a [[French Navy|French Royal Navy]] that rivalled [[Royal Navy|England's]], expanding it from 25 ships to almost 200. The size of the [[French Royal Army]] was also considerably increased. Renewed wars (the [[War of Devolution]], 1667β1668 and the [[Franco-Dutch War]], 1672β1678) brought further territorial gains ([[Artois]] and western [[Flanders]] and the free [[County of Burgundy]], previously left to the Empire in 1482), but at the cost of the increasingly concerted opposition of rival royal powers, and a legacy of an increasingly enormous [[Government debt|national debt]]. An adherent of the theory of the [[Divine right of kings|"Divine Right of Kings"]], which advocates the divine origin of temporal power and any lack of earthly restraint of monarchical rule, Louis XIV continued his predecessors' work of creating a [[Centralized government|centralized state]] governed from the capital of Paris. He sought to eliminate the remnants of [[feudalism]] still persisting in parts of France and, by compelling the noble elite to regularly inhabit his lavish [[Palace of Versailles]], built on the outskirts of Paris, succeeded in pacifying the aristocracy, many members of which had participated in the earlier "[[The Fronde|Fronde]]" rebellion during Louis' minority. By these means he consolidated a system of absolute monarchy in France that endured 150 years until the [[French Revolution]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Beik |first=William |title=Louis XIV and Absolutism: A Brief Study with Documents |date=2000}}</ref> McCabe says critics used fiction to portray the degraded Turkish court, using "the harem, the Sultan court, oriental despotism, luxury, gems and spices, carpets, and silk cushions" as an unfavorable analogy to the corruption of the French royal court.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McCabe |first=Ina Baghdiantz |title=Orientalism in Early Modern France: Eurasian Trade, Exoticism, and the Ancien RΓ©gime |date=2008 |publisher=Berg |isbn=9781847884633 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=3MmvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA134 134]}}</ref>[/td]
[td]For most of the reign of [[Louis XIV]] (1643β1715), ("The Sun King"), France was the dominant power in Europe, aided by the diplomacy of Cardinal Richelieu's successor as the King's chief minister, (1642β61) [[Cardinal Jules Mazarin]], (1602β1661). Cardinal Mazarin oversaw the creation of a [[French Navy|French Royal Navy]] that rivalled [[Royal Navy|England's]], expanding it from 25 ships to almost 200. The size of the [[French Royal Army]] was also considerably increased. Renewed wars (the [[War of Devolution]], 1667β1668 and the [[Franco-Dutch War]], 1672β1678) brought further territorial gains ([[Artois]] and western [[Flanders]] and the free [[County of Burgundy]], previously left to the Empire in 1482), but at the cost of the increasingly concerted opposition of rival royal powers, and a legacy of an increasingly enormous [[Government debt|national debt]]. An adherent of the theory of the [[Divine right of kings|"Divine Right of Kings"]], which advocates the divine origin of temporal power and any lack of earthly restraint of monarchical rule, Louis XIV continued his predecessors' work of creating a [[Centralized government|centralized state]] governed from the capital of Paris. He sought to eliminate the remnants of [[feudalism]] still persisting in parts of France and, by compelling the noble elite to regularly inhabit his lavish [[Palace of Versailles]], built on the outskirts of Paris, succeeded in pacifying the aristocracy, many members of which had participated in the earlier "[[The Fronde|Fronde]]" rebellion during Louis' minority. By these means he consolidated a system of absolute monarchy in France that endured 150 years until the [[French Revolution]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Beik |first=William |title=Louis XIV and Absolutism: A Brief Study with Documents |date=2000}}</ref> McCabe says critics used fiction to portray the degraded Turkish court, using "the harem, the Sultan court, oriental despotism, luxury, gems and spices, carpets, and silk cushions" as an unfavorable analogy to the corruption of the French royal court.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McCabe |first=Ina Baghdiantz |title=Orientalism in Early Modern France: Eurasian Trade, Exoticism, and the Ancien RΓ©gime |date=2008 |publisher=Berg |isbn=9781847884633 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=3MmvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA134 134]}}</ref>[/td]
Continue reading...
| Line 161: | Line 161: |
| Line 186: | Line 186: |
[td]
β Previous revision
[/td][td]
[td]| image1 = Henry IV of france by pourbous younger.jpg[/td]Revision as of 08:25, 2 September 2025
[/td][td]| image1 = Henry IV of france by pourbous younger.jpg[/td] [td]| image2 = Louis XIIIval grace.jpg[/td]
[td]| image2 = Louis XIIIval grace.jpg[/td] [td]| footer = [[Henry IV of France|Henry IV]] (left), by [[Frans Pourbus the younger]] (1610), [[Louis XIII of France|Louis XIII]] (right), by [[Philippe de Champaigne]] (1647)[/td]
[td]| footer = [[Henry IV of France|Henry IV]] (left), by [[Frans Pourbus the younger]] (1610), [[Louis XIII]] (right), by [[Philippe de Champaigne]] (1647)[/td] [td]| align = right[/td]
[td]| align = right[/td] [td]| direction =[/td]
[td]| direction =[/td] [td]====Louis XIV, the Sun King====[/td]
[td]====Louis XIV, the Sun King====[/td] [td]{{Main article|Louis XIV}}[/td]
[td]{{Main article|Louis XIV}}[/td] [td][[File:Louis XIV of France.jpg|thumb|[[Louis XIV of France|Louis XIV]], a 1701 portrait by [[Hyacinthe Rigaud]]]][/td]
[td][[File:Louis XIV of France.jpg|thumb|[[Louis XIV]], a 1701 portrait by [[Hyacinthe Rigaud]]]][/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]For most of the reign of [[Louis XIV]] (1643β1715), ("The Sun King"), France was the dominant power in Europe, aided by the diplomacy of Cardinal Richelieu's successor as the King's chief minister, (1642β61) [[Cardinal Jules Mazarin]], (1602β1661). Cardinal Mazarin oversaw the creation of a [[French Navy|French Royal Navy]] that rivalled [[Royal Navy|England's]], expanding it from 25 ships to almost 200. The size of the [[French Royal Army]] was also considerably increased. Renewed wars (the [[War of Devolution]], 1667β1668 and the [[Franco-Dutch War]], 1672β1678) brought further territorial gains ([[Artois]] and western [[Flanders]] and the free [[County of Burgundy]], previously left to the Empire in 1482), but at the cost of the increasingly concerted opposition of rival royal powers, and a legacy of an increasingly enormous [[Government debt|national debt]]. An adherent of the theory of the [[Divine right of kings|"Divine Right of Kings"]], which advocates the divine origin of temporal power and any lack of earthly restraint of monarchical rule, Louis XIV continued his predecessors' work of creating a [[Centralized government|centralized state]] governed from the capital of Paris. He sought to eliminate the remnants of [[feudalism]] still persisting in parts of France and, by compelling the noble elite to regularly inhabit his lavish [[Palace of Versailles]], built on the outskirts of Paris, succeeded in pacifying the aristocracy, many members of which had participated in the earlier "[[The Fronde|Fronde]]" rebellion during Louis' minority. By these means he consolidated a system of absolute monarchy in France that endured 150 years until the [[French Revolution]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Beik |first=William |title=Louis XIV and Absolutism: A Brief Study with Documents |date=2000}}</ref> McCabe says critics used fiction to portray the degraded Turkish court, using "the harem, the Sultan court, oriental despotism, luxury, gems and spices, carpets, and silk cushions" as an unfavorable analogy to the corruption of the French royal court.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McCabe |first=Ina Baghdiantz |title=Orientalism in Early Modern France: Eurasian Trade, Exoticism, and the Ancien RΓ©gime |date=2008 |publisher=Berg |isbn=9781847884633 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=3MmvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA134 134]}}</ref>[/td]
[td]For most of the reign of [[Louis XIV]] (1643β1715), ("The Sun King"), France was the dominant power in Europe, aided by the diplomacy of Cardinal Richelieu's successor as the King's chief minister, (1642β61) [[Cardinal Jules Mazarin]], (1602β1661). Cardinal Mazarin oversaw the creation of a [[French Navy|French Royal Navy]] that rivalled [[Royal Navy|England's]], expanding it from 25 ships to almost 200. The size of the [[French Royal Army]] was also considerably increased. Renewed wars (the [[War of Devolution]], 1667β1668 and the [[Franco-Dutch War]], 1672β1678) brought further territorial gains ([[Artois]] and western [[Flanders]] and the free [[County of Burgundy]], previously left to the Empire in 1482), but at the cost of the increasingly concerted opposition of rival royal powers, and a legacy of an increasingly enormous [[Government debt|national debt]]. An adherent of the theory of the [[Divine right of kings|"Divine Right of Kings"]], which advocates the divine origin of temporal power and any lack of earthly restraint of monarchical rule, Louis XIV continued his predecessors' work of creating a [[Centralized government|centralized state]] governed from the capital of Paris. He sought to eliminate the remnants of [[feudalism]] still persisting in parts of France and, by compelling the noble elite to regularly inhabit his lavish [[Palace of Versailles]], built on the outskirts of Paris, succeeded in pacifying the aristocracy, many members of which had participated in the earlier "[[The Fronde|Fronde]]" rebellion during Louis' minority. By these means he consolidated a system of absolute monarchy in France that endured 150 years until the [[French Revolution]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Beik |first=William |title=Louis XIV and Absolutism: A Brief Study with Documents |date=2000}}</ref> McCabe says critics used fiction to portray the degraded Turkish court, using "the harem, the Sultan court, oriental despotism, luxury, gems and spices, carpets, and silk cushions" as an unfavorable analogy to the corruption of the French royal court.<ref>{{Cite book |last=McCabe |first=Ina Baghdiantz |title=Orientalism in Early Modern France: Eurasian Trade, Exoticism, and the Ancien RΓ©gime |date=2008 |publisher=Berg |isbn=9781847884633 |page=[https://books.google.com/books?id=3MmvAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA134 134]}}</ref>[/td]
Continue reading...
