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[td]The name "Hebron" appears to trace back to two [[northwest Semitic languages]],{{efn|Y.L. Arbeitman, ''The Hittite is Thy Mother: An Anatolian Approach to Genesis 23'', (1981) pp. 889-1026, argues that an [[Proto-Indo-European language|Indo-European root]] *''ar-'', with the same meaning as the semitic root ''แธฅbr'', namely 'to join' may underlie part of the earlier name Kiryat-'''Ar'''ba.{{sfn|Niesiolowski-Spano|2016|p=124}}}} which coalesce in the form ''แธฅbr'', having reflexes in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and [[Amorite]], with a basic sense of 'unite' and connoting a range of meanings from 'colleague' to 'friend'. In the proper name ''Hebron'', the original sense may have been 'alliance'.<ref>{{harvnb|Cazelles|1981|p=195}} compares Amorite ''แธซibru[[Mimation|(m)]]''. Two roots are in play, ''แธฅbr/แธซbr''. The root has magical overtones, and develops pejorative connotations in late Biblical usage.</ref>[/td]Revision as of 22:50, 2 September 2025
[/td][td]The name "Hebron" appears to trace back to two [[northwest Semitic languages]],{{efn|Y.L. Arbeitman, ''The Hittite is Thy Mother: An Anatolian Approach to Genesis 23'', (1981) pp. 889-1026, argues that an [[Proto-Indo-European language|Indo-European root]] *''ar-'', with the same meaning as the semitic root ''แธฅbr'', namely 'to join' may underlie part of the earlier name Kiryat-'''Ar'''ba.{{sfn|Niesiolowski-Spano|2016|p=124}}}} which coalesce in the form ''แธฅbr'', having reflexes in [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]] and [[Amorite]], with a basic sense of 'unite' and connoting a range of meanings from 'colleague' to 'friend'. In the proper name ''Hebron'', the original sense may have been 'alliance'.<ref>{{harvnb|Cazelles|1981|p=195}} compares Amorite ''แธซibru[[Mimation|(m)]]''. Two roots are in play, ''แธฅbr/แธซbr''. The root has magical overtones, and develops pejorative connotations in late Biblical usage.</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]The [[Arabic]] name for Hebron, ''al-Khalฤซl'', emerged as the city's actual name in the 13th century.<ref name="GR">{{Cite journal |last=Talmon-Heller |first=Daniella |date=2007 |title=Graves, Relics and Sanctuariese: The Evolution of Syrian Sacred Topography (Eleventh-Thirteenth Centuries) |url=https://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=article&id=2020748 |journal=[[ARAM Periodical]] |volume=19 |pages=606}}</ref> Earlier Muslim sources refer to the city as ''แธคabra'' ({{lang|ar|ุญุจุฑุฉ}}) or ''แธคabrลซn'' ({{lang|ar|ุญุจุฑูู}}).<ref name="GR" /> The name ''al-Khalฤซl'' derives from the [[Quran|Qur'anic]] epithet for [[Abraham in Islam|Abraham]], ''Khalฤซl al-Raแธฅmฤn'', i.e. 'Beloved of [[names of God in Islam|the Merciful]]' or 'Friend of [[God in Islam|God]]'.<ref>Qur'an 4:125/Surah 4 Aya (verse) 125, ''[[Qur'an]]'' ({{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/hollywood/lot/6093/4nisa.html |title=source text |access-date=July 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027154527/http://www.geocities.com/hollywood/lot/6093/4nisa.html |archive-date=October 27, 2009}})</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bรผssow|2011|p=194 n.220}}</ref><ref>Khalidi, Walid. ''Before Their Diasporaโฏ: A Photographic History of the Palestinians, 1876-1948''. Washington, D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1991, 61.</ref> Arabic ''Al-Khalil'' thus precisely translates the ancient Hebrew [[toponym]] ''แธคebrลn'', understood as ''แธฅaแธer'' (friend).<ref name="Sharon 2007 104">{{harvnb|Sharon|2007|p=104}}</ref>[/td]
[td]The [[Arabic]] name for Hebron, ''al-Khalฤซl'', emerged as the city's actual name in the 13th century.<ref name="GR">{{Cite journal |last=Talmon-Heller |first=Daniella |date=2007 |title=Graves, Relics and Sanctuariese: The Evolution of Syrian Sacred Topography (Eleventh-Thirteenth Centuries) |url=https://poj.peeters-leuven.be/content.php?url=article&id=2020748 |journal=[[ARAM Periodical]] |volume=19 |pages=606}}</ref> Earlier Muslim sources refer to the city as ''แธคabra'' ({{lang|ar|ุญุจุฑุฉ}}) or ''แธคabrลซn'' ({{lang|ar|ุญุจุฑูู}}).<ref name="GR" /> The name ''al-Khalฤซl'' derives from the [[Quran|Qur'anic]] epithet for [[Abraham in Islam|Abraham]], ''Khalฤซl al-Raแธฅmฤn'', i.e. 'Beloved of [[names of God in Islam|the Merciful]]' or 'Friend of [[God in Islam|God]]'.<ref>Qur'an 4:125/Surah 4 Aya (verse) 125, ''[[Qur'an]]'' ({{cite web|url=http://www.geocities.com/hollywood/lot/6093/4nisa.html |title=source text |access-date=July 30, 2007 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091027154527/http://www.geocities.com/hollywood/lot/6093/4nisa.html |archive-date=October 27, 2009}})</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Bรผssow|2011|p=194 n.220}}</ref><ref>Khalidi, Walid. ''Before Their Diasporaโฏ: A Photographic History of the Palestinians, 1876-1948''. Washington, D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1991, 61.</ref> Arabic ''Al-Khalil'' thus precisely translates the ancient Hebrew [[toponym]] ''แธคeแธrลn'', understood as ''แธฅaแธer'' (friend).<ref name="Sharon 2007 104">{{harvnb|Sharon|2007|p=104}}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]== History ==[/td]
[td]== History ==[/td]
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