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Smelting plant: Separate gallery for converters.
[td]The smelter building, made of steel, was 250 feet long and 85 feet high.<ref name=":91" /> It contained the four [[Water jacket furnace (metallurgy)|water jacket furnaces]], a type of blast furnace specifically designed for smelting non-ferrous metals. These furnaces used 'cold blast'; that is the air blast was not heated prior to being injected into the furnace. The furnaces produced copper [[Matte (metallurgy)|matte]] and [[slag]] as a waste product. The slag, largely formed of [[Silicon dioxide|silica]], contained iron compounds and other impurities that were separated from the copper ore during smelting.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]The furnaces were located along the eastern side of the smelter building. The tap holes for slag were oriented to the outside of the building, where specially designed rail wagons were filled with slag destined for the slag dump. The tap holes used for the copper matte were inside the building, where the molten matte was run first into a vessel known as a 'settler' and from there tapped into ladles. There were tap holes at both ends of each furnace and settlers arranged so that intermediate settlers could be used by either furnace.<ref name=":106">{{Cite journal |date=9 May 1908 |title=The Great Cobar Smelting Works |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe...ring-and-mining-journal_1908-05-09_85_19).pdf |journal=The Engineering and Mining Journal |volume=85 |issue=19 |pages=952}}</ref> Electrically powered overhead travelling gantry cranes carried the ladles of molten copper matte to the converters, in which the matte was converted to blister copper. The converters were located along the western side of the smelter building. There were originally two convertors,<ref name=":106" /> but by 1913 there were four.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Photograph Converters, Great Cobar Copper Mine (1913) |url=https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/primo-...W&search_scope=MOH&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US |access-date=2025-09-02 |website=search.sl.nsw.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> Also on the western side was one much smaller water-jacket furnace, mainly used for remelting copper.<ref name=":106" /> <gallery widths="190" style="text-align:left" caption="Smelting at Great Cobar">[/td]
[td]The furnaces were located along the eastern side of the smelter building. The tap holes for slag were oriented to the outside of the building, where specially designed rail wagons were filled with slag destined for the slag dump. The tap holes used for the copper matte were inside the building, where the molten matte was run first into a vessel known as a 'settler' and from there tapped into ladles. There were tap holes at both ends of each furnace and settlers arranged so that intermediate settlers could be used by either furnace.<ref name=":106">{{Cite journal |date=9 May 1908 |title=The Great Cobar Smelting Works |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe...ring-and-mining-journal_1908-05-09_85_19).pdf |journal=The Engineering and Mining Journal |volume=85 |issue=19 |pages=952}}</ref> Electrically powered overhead travelling gantry cranes carried the ladles of molten copper matte to the converters, in which the matte was converted to blister copper. The converters were located along the western side of the smelter building. There were originally two convertors,<ref name=":106" /> but by 1913 there were four.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Photograph Converters, Great Cobar Copper Mine (1913) |url=https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/primo-...W&search_scope=MOH&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US |access-date=2025-09-02 |website=search.sl.nsw.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> Also on the western side was one much smaller water-jacket furnace, mainly used for remelting copper.<ref name=":106" /> <gallery widths="190" style="text-align:left" caption="Smelting at Great Cobar - Water jacket furnaces">[/td] [td]File:Furnaces, Great Cobar Copper Mine - Cobar, NSW, 1912 (Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW).jpg|Water jacket furnaces, furnace flues and slag wagons (1912)[/td]
[td]File:Furnaces, Great Cobar Copper Mine - Cobar, NSW, 1912 (Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW).jpg|Water jacket furnaces, furnace flues and slag wagons (1912)[/td] [td]File
ouring molten copper from furnace, Great Cobar Copper mine - Cobar, NSW, June 1912 (Collection of Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW).jpg|Pouring molten [[Matte (metallurgy)|copper matte]] from a water jacket furnace, June 1912.[/td]
[td]Fileouring molten copper from furnace, Great Cobar Copper mine - Cobar, NSW, June 1912 (Collection of Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW).jpg|Pouring molten [[Matte (metallurgy)|copper matte]] from a water jacket furnace, June 1912.[/td]
[td]</gallery><gallery widths="190" style="text-align:left" caption="Smelting at Great Cobar - Converters">[/td]
[td]File:Great Cobar Mine, No.1 & No.2 converters, on blowing stands with movable hoods to dust collectors (Plate XXXIII, Report on Cobar Copper and Gold Field, E.C. Andrews, 1911).jpg|No.1 & No.2 Converters and fume hoods (c.1911)[/td]
[td]File:Great Cobar Mine, No.1 & No.2 converters, on blowing stands with movable hoods to dust collectors (Plate XXXIII, Report on Cobar Copper and Gold Field, E.C. Andrews, 1911).jpg|No.1 & No.2 Converters and fume hoods (c.1911)[/td] [td]File:Great Cobar - Convertor discharging blister copper (Aust. Town & Country Journal, 19 July 1911, p24).jpg|Converter discharging blister copper into ingot moulds, 1911.[/td]
[td]File:Great Cobar - Convertor discharging blister copper (Aust. Town & Country Journal, 19 July 1911, p24).jpg|Converter discharging blister copper into ingot moulds, 1911.[/td] [td]File:Great Cobar Copper Mine - Cobar, NSW - Convertors (1913), Collection of Mitchell Library, SLNSW.jpg|Converters, 1913.[/td] [td]</gallery>[/td]
[td]</gallery>[/td] [td][[File:Great Cobar Mine, furnaces chimney stack (Plate XXIX, Report on Cobar Copper and Gold Field, E.C. Andrews, 1911).jpg|thumb|192x192px|Furnaces chimney.]][/td]
[td][[File:Great Cobar Mine, furnaces chimney stack (Plate XXIX, Report on Cobar Copper and Gold Field, E.C. Andrews, 1911).jpg|thumb|192x192px|Furnaces chimney.]][/td]
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[td]The smelter building, made of steel, was 250 feet long and 85 feet high.<ref name=":91" /> It contained the four [[Water jacket furnace (metallurgy)|water jacket furnaces]], a type of blast furnace specifically designed for smelting non-ferrous metals. These furnaces used 'cold blast'; that is the air blast was not heated prior to being injected into the furnace. The furnaces produced copper [[Matte (metallurgy)|matte]] and [[slag]] as a waste product. The slag, largely formed of [[Silicon dioxide|silica]], contained iron compounds and other impurities that were separated from the copper ore during smelting.[/td]Revision as of 04:28, 3 September 2025
[/td][td]The smelter building, made of steel, was 250 feet long and 85 feet high.<ref name=":91" /> It contained the four [[Water jacket furnace (metallurgy)|water jacket furnaces]], a type of blast furnace specifically designed for smelting non-ferrous metals. These furnaces used 'cold blast'; that is the air blast was not heated prior to being injected into the furnace. The furnaces produced copper [[Matte (metallurgy)|matte]] and [[slag]] as a waste product. The slag, largely formed of [[Silicon dioxide|silica]], contained iron compounds and other impurities that were separated from the copper ore during smelting.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]The furnaces were located along the eastern side of the smelter building. The tap holes for slag were oriented to the outside of the building, where specially designed rail wagons were filled with slag destined for the slag dump. The tap holes used for the copper matte were inside the building, where the molten matte was run first into a vessel known as a 'settler' and from there tapped into ladles. There were tap holes at both ends of each furnace and settlers arranged so that intermediate settlers could be used by either furnace.<ref name=":106">{{Cite journal |date=9 May 1908 |title=The Great Cobar Smelting Works |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe...ring-and-mining-journal_1908-05-09_85_19).pdf |journal=The Engineering and Mining Journal |volume=85 |issue=19 |pages=952}}</ref> Electrically powered overhead travelling gantry cranes carried the ladles of molten copper matte to the converters, in which the matte was converted to blister copper. The converters were located along the western side of the smelter building. There were originally two convertors,<ref name=":106" /> but by 1913 there were four.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Photograph Converters, Great Cobar Copper Mine (1913) |url=https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/primo-...W&search_scope=MOH&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US |access-date=2025-09-02 |website=search.sl.nsw.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> Also on the western side was one much smaller water-jacket furnace, mainly used for remelting copper.<ref name=":106" /> <gallery widths="190" style="text-align:left" caption="Smelting at Great Cobar">[/td]
[td]The furnaces were located along the eastern side of the smelter building. The tap holes for slag were oriented to the outside of the building, where specially designed rail wagons were filled with slag destined for the slag dump. The tap holes used for the copper matte were inside the building, where the molten matte was run first into a vessel known as a 'settler' and from there tapped into ladles. There were tap holes at both ends of each furnace and settlers arranged so that intermediate settlers could be used by either furnace.<ref name=":106">{{Cite journal |date=9 May 1908 |title=The Great Cobar Smelting Works |url=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipe...ring-and-mining-journal_1908-05-09_85_19).pdf |journal=The Engineering and Mining Journal |volume=85 |issue=19 |pages=952}}</ref> Electrically powered overhead travelling gantry cranes carried the ladles of molten copper matte to the converters, in which the matte was converted to blister copper. The converters were located along the western side of the smelter building. There were originally two convertors,<ref name=":106" /> but by 1913 there were four.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Photograph Converters, Great Cobar Copper Mine (1913) |url=https://search.sl.nsw.gov.au/primo-...W&search_scope=MOH&tab=default_tab&lang=en_US |access-date=2025-09-02 |website=search.sl.nsw.gov.au |language=en}}</ref> Also on the western side was one much smaller water-jacket furnace, mainly used for remelting copper.<ref name=":106" /> <gallery widths="190" style="text-align:left" caption="Smelting at Great Cobar - Water jacket furnaces">[/td] [td]File:Furnaces, Great Cobar Copper Mine - Cobar, NSW, 1912 (Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW).jpg|Water jacket furnaces, furnace flues and slag wagons (1912)[/td]
[td]File:Furnaces, Great Cobar Copper Mine - Cobar, NSW, 1912 (Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW).jpg|Water jacket furnaces, furnace flues and slag wagons (1912)[/td] [td]File
ouring molten copper from furnace, Great Cobar Copper mine - Cobar, NSW, June 1912 (Collection of Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW).jpg|Pouring molten [[Matte (metallurgy)|copper matte]] from a water jacket furnace, June 1912.[/td][td]File
ouring molten copper from furnace, Great Cobar Copper mine - Cobar, NSW, June 1912 (Collection of Mitchell Library, State Library of NSW).jpg|Pouring molten [[Matte (metallurgy)|copper matte]] from a water jacket furnace, June 1912.[/td]
[td]</gallery><gallery widths="190" style="text-align:left" caption="Smelting at Great Cobar - Converters">[/td]
[td]File:Great Cobar Mine, No.1 & No.2 converters, on blowing stands with movable hoods to dust collectors (Plate XXXIII, Report on Cobar Copper and Gold Field, E.C. Andrews, 1911).jpg|No.1 & No.2 Converters and fume hoods (c.1911)[/td][td]File:Great Cobar Mine, No.1 & No.2 converters, on blowing stands with movable hoods to dust collectors (Plate XXXIII, Report on Cobar Copper and Gold Field, E.C. Andrews, 1911).jpg|No.1 & No.2 Converters and fume hoods (c.1911)[/td] [td]File:Great Cobar - Convertor discharging blister copper (Aust. Town & Country Journal, 19 July 1911, p24).jpg|Converter discharging blister copper into ingot moulds, 1911.[/td]
[td]File:Great Cobar - Convertor discharging blister copper (Aust. Town & Country Journal, 19 July 1911, p24).jpg|Converter discharging blister copper into ingot moulds, 1911.[/td] [td]File:Great Cobar Copper Mine - Cobar, NSW - Convertors (1913), Collection of Mitchell Library, SLNSW.jpg|Converters, 1913.[/td] [td]</gallery>[/td]
[td]</gallery>[/td] [td][[File:Great Cobar Mine, furnaces chimney stack (Plate XXIX, Report on Cobar Copper and Gold Field, E.C. Andrews, 1911).jpg|thumb|192x192px|Furnaces chimney.]][/td]
[td][[File:Great Cobar Mine, furnaces chimney stack (Plate XXIX, Report on Cobar Copper and Gold Field, E.C. Andrews, 1911).jpg|thumb|192x192px|Furnaces chimney.]][/td]
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