Metropolis of Kiev (Patriarchate of Moscow)

== Establishment ==

== Establishment ==

[[File:Gedeon Mitropolit.jpg|thumb|right|Gedeon Chetvertinsky]]

[[File:Gedeon Mitropolit.jpg|thumb|right|Gedeon Chetvertinsky]]

In 1681, the [[Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Lviv|Bishop of Lviv]] — [[Yosyf Shumlyansky]] — secretly converted to [[Catholicism]].<ref>Mykola Andrusiak, ''Józef Szumlański, pierwszy biskup unicki lwowski, 1667-1708'', Openlibrary.org. Retrieved 2012-08-25.</ref> He intrigued with the King of Poland — [[John III Sobieski]] — to appoint his brother Athanasius as the Bishop of [[Lutsk]]. As a result, in 1684 the king demanded that the incumbent bishop — [[Gedeon Chetvertinsky]] — accept the Union of Brest.<ref>[http://www.pravenc.ru/text/161879.html Encyclopedia of the Russian Orthodox Church] - Gedeon Chetvertinsky</ref> When Gideon refused the demand, some time between July and November 1684 he moved from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to [[left-bank Ukraine]] to avoid the royal threat of imprisonment in [[Malbork Castle]]. He settled in Krupitsky which was located near [[Baturyn]] — the [[Hetman's Capital|capital]] of the [[Cossack Hetmanate]]. In 1685, the [[Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host]] — [[Ivan Samoylovych]] — recommended that Gideon be appointed as the Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus'. He was ordained in Moscow by [[Patriarch Joachim of Moscow]] and took an oath of allegiance to the Moscow Patriarchate. It was a term of the [[Treaty of Perpetual Peace (1686)|Treaty of Perpetual Peace]] (signed in April 1686) that the Kievan metropolis be under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Moscow patriarch. As part of this process, the patriarch forced Chetvertinsky to limit his title to "Metropolitan of Kyiv, Galicia and all Little Rus".

In 1681, the [[Ukrainian Catholic Archeparchy of Lviv|Bishop of Lviv]] — [[Yosyf Shumlyansky]] — secretly converted to [[Catholicism]].<ref>Mykola Andrusiak, ''Józef Szumlański, pierwszy biskup unicoi lwowski, 1667-1708'', Openlibrary.org. Retrieved 2012-08-25.</ref> He intrigued with the King of Poland — [[John III Sobieski]] — to appoint his brother Athanasius as the Bishop of [[Lutsk]]. As a result, in 1684 the king demanded that the incumbent bishop — [[Gedeon Chetvertinsky]] — accept the Union of Brest.<ref>[http://www.pravenc.ru/text/161879.html Encyclopedia of the Russian Orthodox Church] - Gedeon Chetvertinsky</ref> When Gideon refused the demand, some time between July and November 1684 he moved from the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth to [[left-bank Ukraine]] to avoid the royal threat of imprisonment in [[Malbork Castle]]. He settled in Krupitsky which was located near [[Baturyn]] — the [[Hetman's Capital|capital]] of the [[Cossack Hetmanate]]. In 1685, the [[Hetman of the Zaporizhian Host]] — [[Ivan Samoylovych]] — recommended that Gideon be appointed as the Metropolitan of Kiev, Galicia and all Rus'. He was ordained in Moscow by [[Patriarch Joachim of Moscow]] and took an oath of allegiance to the Moscow Patriarchate. It was a term of the [[Treaty of Perpetual Peace (1686)|Treaty of Perpetual Peace]] (signed in April 1686) that the Kievan metropolis be under the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Moscow patriarch. As part of this process, the patriarch forced Chetvertinsky to limit his title to "Metropolitan of Kyiv, Galicia and all Little Rus".

Shortly after the signing of the treaty, through diplomatic pressure on the [[Sublime Porte]] and through bribery of leading churchmen, the patriarch of Constantinople gave the transfer canonical recognition.<ref>KOHUT, ZENON E. "The Problem of Ukrainian Orthodox Church Autonomy in the Hetmanate (1654-1780s)." Harvard Ukrainian Studies, vol. 14, no. 3/4, 1990, pp. 364–76. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41036393. Accessed 12 Mar. 2023.</ref> The exact terms and conditions of the handover document signed by Patriarch [[Dionysius IV of Constantinople]] are disputed.<ref>[https://tass.ru/obschestvo/5514136 РПЦ: вмешательство Константинополя в ситуацию на Украине может породить новые расколы: Митрополит Волоколамский Иларион завил, что Русская православная церковь представит доказательства неправомерности притязаний Константинополя на Украину] [[TASS]], 1 September 2018.</ref><ref>[https://orthodoxyindialogue.com/2018/07/02/ecumenical-patriarch-takes-moscow-down-a-peg-over-church-relations-with-ukraine/ Ecumenical Patriarch Takes Moscow Down a Peg Over Church Relations with Ukraine] orthodoxyindialogue.com, 2 July 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.patriarchate.org/news-archives/-/asset_publisher/N2gTPQxXwPlE/content/oikoumenikos-patriarches-einai-logikon-na-epithymomen-os-meter-ekklesia-ten-apokatastasin-tes-enotetos-tou-en-oukrania-dieremenou-ekklesiastikou-somat?_101_INSTANCE_N2gTPQxXwPlE_languageId=en_US Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew: "As the Mother Church, it is reasonable to desire the restoration of unity for the divided ecclesiastical body in Ukraine"] (The Homily by Patriarch [[Bartholomew I of Constantinople|Bartholomew]] after the memorial service for the late Metropolitan of Perge, Evangelos) The official website of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, 2 July 2018.</ref><ref>Константин Ветошников. [https://risu.org.ua/ru/index/monitoring/religious_digest/65569 «Передача» Киевской митрополии Московскому патриархату в 1686 году: канонический анализ] risu.org.ua, 25 December 2016.</ref>

Shortly after the signing of the treaty, through diplomatic pressure on the [[Sublime Porte]] and through bribery of leading churchmen, the patriarch of Constantinople gave the transfer canonical recognition.<ref>KOHUT, ZENON E. "The Problem of Ukrainian Orthodox Church Autonomy in the Hetmanate (1654-1780s)." Harvard Ukrainian Studies, vol. 14, no. 3/4, 1990, pp. 364–76. JSTOR, http://www.jstor.org/stable/41036393. Accessed 12 Mar. 2023.</ref> The exact terms and conditions of the handover document signed by Patriarch [[Dionysius IV of Constantinople]] are disputed.<ref>[https://tass.ru/obschestvo/5514136 РПЦ: вмешательство Константинополя в ситуацию на Украине может породить новые расколы: Митрополит Волоколамский Иларион завил, что Русская православная церковь представит доказательства неправомерности притязаний Константинополя на Украину] [[TASS]], 1 September 2018.</ref><ref>[https://orthodoxyindialogue.com/2018/07/02/ecumenical-patriarch-takes-moscow-down-a-peg-over-church-relations-with-ukraine/ Ecumenical Patriarch Takes Moscow Down a Peg Over Church Relations with Ukraine] orthodoxyindialogue.com, 2 July 2018.</ref><ref>[https://www.patriarchate.org/news-archives/-/asset_publisher/N2gTPQxXwPlE/content/oikoumenikos-patriarches-einai-logikon-na-epithymomen-os-meter-ekklesia-ten-apokatastasin-tes-enotetos-tou-en-oukrania-dieremenou-ekklesiastikou-somat?_101_INSTANCE_N2gTPQxXwPlE_languageId=en_US Ecumenical Patriarch Bartholomew: "As the Mother Church, it is reasonable to desire the restoration of unity for the divided ecclesiastical body in Ukraine"] (The Homily by Patriarch [[Bartholomew I of Constantinople|Bartholomew]] after the memorial service for the late Metropolitan of Perge, Evangelos) The official website of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, 2 July 2018.</ref><ref>Константин Ветошников. [https://risu.org.ua/ru/index/monitoring/religious_digest/65569 «Передача» Киевской митрополии Московскому патриархату в 1686 году: канонический анализ] risu.org.ua, 25 December 2016.</ref>