Further refinements.
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== Taxonomy == |
== Taxonomy == |
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''Xylosma congesta'' was first described by [[João de Loureiro]] in 1790 as ''Croton congestum'', and was later reassigned by [[Elmer Drew Merrill]] in 1919 to ''Xylosma congestum''.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Merril |first=Elmer |date=1919 |title=XYLOSMA CONGESTUM |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/50545 |journal=Philipp. J. Sci. |volume=15 |pages=247-248 |issn=0031-7683 |lccn=07031696 |oclc=1588263 |access-date=2025-06-10}}</ref> This naming was later changed to its current name via [[William T. Stearn]] when he considered the [[genus]] to be feminine rather than neuter, though this is still disputed.<ref name=":12">{{Cite web |title=Xylosma schwaneckeana (Palo de Candela) |url=https://explorer.natureserve.org/Taxon/ELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.143327/Xylosma_schwaneckeana |access-date=2025-06-23 |work=NatureServe Explorer}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stearn |first=William T. |date=1992 |title=Greek Words in Botanical Latin |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/27464639?oclcNum=27464639 |journal=Botanical Latin. History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and Vocabulary. |edition=4th |pages=257 |isbn=0-88192-321-4 |oclc=27464639 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref> Because of the contrast and overlap of [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonyms]] across databases, the collective amount of them is approximately 44 in total.<ref name="Note01" group="Note" /> |
''Xylosma congesta'' was first described by [[João de Loureiro]] in 1790 as ''Croton congestum'', and was later reassigned by [[Elmer Drew Merrill]] in 1919 to ''Xylosma congestum''.<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":0" /><ref name=":9">{{Cite journal |last=Merril |first=Elmer |date=1919 |title=XYLOSMA CONGESTUM |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/50545 |journal=Philipp. J. Sci. |volume=15 |pages=247-248 |issn=0031-7683 |lccn=07031696 |oclc=1588263 |access-date=2025-06-10}}</ref> Later, the [[taxon]] underwent a [[Agreement (linguistics)|grammatical gender concordance]], initiated by [[William T. Stearn]] in 1992 when he questioned the genus’s gender, and finalized by [[Dan Henry Nicolson]] in 1944, putting ''Xylosma congesta'' in agreement with the genus name.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Nicolson |first=Dan Henry |date=1994 |title=Gender of generic names, particularly those ending in -ma, in the ‘Names in current use’ list |url=https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2307/1223468 |journal=[[Taxon (journal)|Taxon]] |volume=43 |issue=1 |pages=107 |doi=10.2307/1223468 |issn=0040-0262 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-07-08}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Stearn |first=William T. |date=1992 |title=Greek Words in Botanical Latin |url=https://search.worldcat.org/title/27464639?oclcNum=27464639 |journal=Botanical Latin. History, Grammar, Syntax, Terminology and Vocabulary. |edition=4th |pages=257 |isbn=0-88192-321-4 |oclc=27464639 |access-date=2025-06-23}}</ref> The collective number of [[Synonym (taxonomy)|synonym]]s across different sources is 44.<ref name="Note01" group="Note" /> |
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Historically, ''Xylosma congesta'' was placed in [[Flacourtiaceae]] under older classification systems such as those of [[Cronquist system|Cronquist]] and [[Takhtajan system|Takhtajan]]. Eventually, Flacourtiaceae, including this [[taxon]], were reclassified into Salicaceae, a placement adopted by the [[APG III system]] and subsequently recognized by [[Plants of the World Online]], though this classification remains disputed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reveal |first=James |title=Takhtajan System of Angiosperm Classification |url=http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/pbio/pb250/takh1.html |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=www.plantsystematics.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Kenneth |date=1973 |title=A Comparison of Angiosperm Classification Systems |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1218032 |journal=Taxon |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=19–50 |bibcode=1973Taxon..22...19B |doi=10.2307/1218032 |issn=0040-0262 |jstor=1218032 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-06-10}}</ref><ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |date=2025-06-10 |title=Genus: ''Xylosma'' G. Forst |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomygenus?id=12989 |access-date=2025-06-10 |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture}}</ref> |
Historically, ''Xylosma congesta'' was placed in [[Flacourtiaceae]] under older classification systems such as those of [[Cronquist system|Cronquist]] and [[Takhtajan system|Takhtajan]]. Eventually, Flacourtiaceae, including this taxon, were reclassified into Salicaceae, a placement adopted by the [[APG III system]] and subsequently recognized by [[Plants of the World Online]], though this classification remains disputed.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Reveal |first=James |title=Takhtajan System of Angiosperm Classification |url=http://www.plantsystematics.org/reveal/pbio/pb250/takh1.html |access-date=2025-06-10 |website=www.plantsystematics.org}}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last=Becker |first=Kenneth |date=1973 |title=A Comparison of Angiosperm Classification Systems |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/1218032 |journal=Taxon |volume=22 |issue=1 |pages=19–50 |bibcode=1973Taxon..22...19B |doi=10.2307/1218032 |issn=0040-0262 |jstor=1218032 |url-access=subscription |access-date=2025-06-10}}</ref><ref name="GRIN">{{cite web |date=2025-06-10 |title=Genus: ''Xylosma'' G. Forst |url=https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomygenus?id=12989 |access-date=2025-06-10 |work=Germplasm Resources Information Network |publisher=United States Department of Agriculture}}</ref> |
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== Onomastics == |
== Onomastics == |
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==Notes== |
==Notes== |
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{{reflist|group=Note|refs= |
{{reflist|group=Note|refs= |
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<ref name=Note01>The synonymy of ''Xylosma congesta'' remains contested across various sources, with significant discrepancies in its taxonomic classification. Persistent confusion is further compounded by orthographic inconsistencies and authorial discrepancies rooted in historical misattributions.</ref> |
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<ref name=Note01>The synonymy of ''Xylosma congesta'' is highly contested across databases, with significant contradictions and overlap presenting a conspicuous issue. Additionally, some names are not explicitly listed as synonyms of ''Xylosma congesta'' but attain synonymy indirectly through their association with other recognized synonyms. Furthermore, a notable distinction exists between the names cited in databases and those referenced in the original literature, a discrepancy that affects many synonyms of ''Xylosma congesta''. A concerted effort will be made to ensure comprehensive coverage of all possible synonyms.</ref> |
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