Xenobiotic

Xenobiotics may be limited in the environment and difficult to access in areas such as the subsurface environment.<ref name=":1" /> Degradative organisms can be engineered to increase mobility in order to access these compounds, including enhanced [[chemotaxis]].<ref name=":1" /> One limitation of the bioremediation process is that optimal conditions are required for proper metabolic functioning of certain microorganisms, which may be difficult to meet in an environmental setting.<ref name=":0" /> In some cases a single microorganism may not be capable of performing all metabolic processes required for degradation of a xenobiotic compound and so "syntrophic bacterial consortia" may be employed.<ref name=":1" /> In this case, a group of bacteria work in conjunction, resulting in dead end products from one organism being further degraded by another organism.<ref name=":0" /> In other cases, the products of one microorganisms may inhibit the activity another, and thus a balance must be maintained.<ref name=":1" />

Xenobiotics may be limited in the environment and difficult to access in areas such as the subsurface environment.<ref name=":1" /> Degradative organisms can be engineered to increase mobility in order to access these compounds, including enhanced [[chemotaxis]].<ref name=":1" /> One limitation of the bioremediation process is that optimal conditions are required for proper metabolic functioning of certain microorganisms, which may be difficult to meet in an environmental setting.<ref name=":0" /> In some cases a single microorganism may not be capable of performing all metabolic processes required for degradation of a xenobiotic compound and so "syntrophic bacterial consortia" may be employed.<ref name=":1" /> In this case, a group of bacteria work in conjunction, resulting in dead end products from one organism being further degraded by another organism.<ref name=":0" /> In other cases, the products of one microorganisms may inhibit the activity another, and thus a balance must be maintained.<ref name=":1" />

Many xenobiotics produce a variety of biological effects, which is used when they are characterized using [[bioassay]]. Before they can be registered for sale in most countries, xenobiotic pesticides must undergo extensive evaluation for risk factors, such as toxicity to humans, [[ecotoxicity]], or persistence in the environment. For example, during the registration process, the herbicide, cloransulam-methyl was found to degrade relatively quickly in soil.<ref name=":3">{{cite journal|vauthors=Wolt JD, Smith JK, Sims JK, Duebelbeis DO|year=1996|title=Products and kinetics of cloransulam-methyl aerobic soil metabolism|journal=J. Agric. Food Chem.|volume=44|pages=324–332|doi=10.1021/jf9503570}}</ref>

Many xenobiotics produce a variety of biological effects, which is used when they are characterized using [[bioassay]]. Before they can be registered for sale in most countries, xenobiotic pesticides must undergo extensive evaluation for risk factors, such as toxicity to humans, [[ecotoxicity]], or persistence in the environment. For example, during the registration process, the herbicide, [[cloransulam-methyl]] was found to degrade relatively quickly in soil.<ref name=":3">{{cite journal|vauthors=Wolt JD, Smith JK, Sims JK, Duebelbeis DO|year=1996|title=Products and kinetics of cloransulam-methyl aerobic soil metabolism|journal=J. Agric. Food Chem.|volume=44|pages=324–332|doi=10.1021/jf9503570}}</ref>

==Inter-species organ transplantation==

==Inter-species organ transplantation==