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v2.05 - Fix errors for CW project (Spelling and typography)
[td][/td] [td]==== Malaysia ====[/td]
[td]==== Malaysia ====[/td] [td]The [[Malaysian Government|Malaysian government]] launched a GLC Transformation Programme for its linked companies and linked investment companies ("GLICs") on 29 July 2005, aiming over a ten-year period to transform these businesses "into high-performing entities". The [[Putrajaya]] Committee on GLC High Performance ("PCG"), which oversaw this programme, was chaired by the [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Prime Minister]], and membership included the Minister of Finance II, the Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of the Economic Planning Unit, the Chief Secretary to the Government, Secretary General of Treasury and the heads of each of the GLICs (the Employees Provident Fund, [[Khazanah Nasional Berhad]], [[Armed Forces Fund Board|Lembaga Tabung Angkatan Tentera]] (the armed forces pension fund), Lembaga Tabung Haji and [[Permodalan Nasional Berhad]]. Khazanah Nasional Berhad provided the secretariat to the PCG and managed the implementation of the programme, which was completed in 2015.<ref>Khazanah Nasional Berhad, [https://www.khazanah.com.my/news_pr...te-from-10-year-glc-transformation-programme/ GLCs succesfully [sic] complete and graduate from 10-year GLC Transformation Programme], published 7 August 2015, accessed 29 July 2023</ref>[/td]
[td]The [[Malaysian Government|Malaysian government]] launched a GLC Transformation Programme for its linked companies and linked investment companies ("GLICs") on 29 July 2005, aiming over a ten-year period to transform these businesses "into high-performing entities". The [[Putrajaya]] Committee on GLC High Performance ("PCG"), which oversaw this programme, was chaired by the [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Prime Minister]], and membership included the Minister of Finance II, the Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of the Economic Planning Unit, the Chief Secretary to the Government, Secretary General of Treasury and the heads of each of the GLICs (the Employees Provident Fund, [[Khazanah Nasional Berhad]], [[Armed Forces Fund Board|Lembaga Tabung Angkatan Tentera]] (the armed forces pension fund), Lembaga Tabung Haji and [[Permodalan Nasional Berhad]]. Khazanah Nasional Berhad provided the secretariat to the PCG and managed the implementation of the programme, which was completed in 2015.<ref>Khazanah Nasional Berhad, [https://www.khazanah.com.my/news_pr...te-from-10-year-glc-transformation-programme/ GLCs successfully [sic] complete and graduate from 10-year GLC Transformation Programme], published 7 August 2015, accessed 29 July 2023</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]==== Oman====[/td]
[td]==== Oman====[/td] [td]In [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] and [[Western Europe]], there was a massive [[nationalization]] throughout the 20th century, especially after [[World War II]]. In the [[Eastern Bloc]], countries adopted very similar policies and models to the USSR. Governments in Western Europe, both left and right of centre, saw state intervention as necessary to rebuild economies shattered by war.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date = 4 January 2014 |title = All Men Are Created Unequal |quotation=Quote: «The wars and depressions between 1914 and 1950 dragged the wealthy back to earth. Wars brought physical destruction of capital, nationalisation, taxation and inflation» |url = https://www.economist.com/news/fina...t-about-impact-capitalism-all-men-are-created |access-date = 27 September 2015 }}</ref> Government control over [[natural monopoly|natural monopolies]] like [[Industry (economics)|industry]] was the norm. Typical sectors included [[telecommunications company|telephones]], [[electrical power industry|electric power]], [[fossil fuels]], [[iron ore]], [[railway company|railways]], [[airline]]s, [[state media|media]], [[mail|postal services]], [[bank]]s, and [[Water industry|water]]. Many large industrial corporations were also nationalized or created as government corporations, including, among many others: [[British Steel Corporation]], [[Equinor]], and [[Águas de Portugal]].<ref name=":0">Starting in the late 1970s and accelerating through the 1980s and 1990s many of these corporations were [[privatization|privatized]], though many still remain wholly or partially owned by the respective governments.</ref>[/td]
[td]In [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] and [[Western Europe]], there was a massive [[nationalization]] throughout the 20th century, especially after [[World War II]]. In the [[Eastern Bloc]], countries adopted very similar policies and models to the USSR. Governments in Western Europe, both left and right of centre, saw state intervention as necessary to rebuild economies shattered by war.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date = 4 January 2014 |title = All Men Are Created Unequal |quotation=Quote: «The wars and depressions between 1914 and 1950 dragged the wealthy back to earth. Wars brought physical destruction of capital, nationalisation, taxation and inflation» |url = https://www.economist.com/news/fina...t-about-impact-capitalism-all-men-are-created |access-date = 27 September 2015 }}</ref> Government control over [[natural monopoly|natural monopolies]] like [[Industry (economics)|industry]] was the norm. Typical sectors included [[telecommunications company|telephones]], [[electrical power industry|electric power]], [[fossil fuels]], [[iron ore]], [[railway company|railways]], [[airline]]s, [[state media|media]], [[mail|postal services]], [[bank]]s, and [[Water industry|water]]. Many large industrial corporations were also nationalized or created as government corporations, including, among many others: [[British Steel Corporation]], [[Equinor]], and [[Águas de Portugal]].<ref name=":0">Starting in the late 1970s and accelerating through the 1980s and 1990s many of these corporations were [[privatization|privatized]], though many still remain wholly or partially owned by the respective governments.</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]{{As of|2024}}, multiple European countries have dedicated ministries and agencies to manage their state-run enterprises, eg. the {{lang|fr|[[Agence des participations de l'État]]}} in France.[/td]
[td]{{As of|2024}}, multiple European countries have dedicated ministries and agencies to manage their state-run enterprises, e.g. the {{lang|fr|[[Agence des participations de l'État]]}} in France.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]A state-run enterprise may operate differently from an ordinary limited liability corporation. For example, in Finland, state-run enterprises (''liikelaitos'') are governed by separate laws. Even though responsible for their own finances, they cannot be declared [[bankrupt]]; the state answers for the liabilities. Stocks of the corporation are not sold and loans have to be government-approved, as they are government liabilities.{{cn|date=January 2025}}[/td]
[td]A state-run enterprise may operate differently from an ordinary limited liability corporation. For example, in Finland, state-run enterprises (''liikelaitos'') are governed by separate laws. Even though responsible for their own finances, they cannot be declared [[bankrupt]]; the state answers for the liabilities. Stocks of the corporation are not sold and loans have to be government-approved, as they are government liabilities.{{cn|date=January 2025}}[/td]
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[td][/td]Revision as of 07:39, 30 August 2025
[/td][td][/td] [td]==== Malaysia ====[/td]
[td]==== Malaysia ====[/td] [td]The [[Malaysian Government|Malaysian government]] launched a GLC Transformation Programme for its linked companies and linked investment companies ("GLICs") on 29 July 2005, aiming over a ten-year period to transform these businesses "into high-performing entities". The [[Putrajaya]] Committee on GLC High Performance ("PCG"), which oversaw this programme, was chaired by the [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Prime Minister]], and membership included the Minister of Finance II, the Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of the Economic Planning Unit, the Chief Secretary to the Government, Secretary General of Treasury and the heads of each of the GLICs (the Employees Provident Fund, [[Khazanah Nasional Berhad]], [[Armed Forces Fund Board|Lembaga Tabung Angkatan Tentera]] (the armed forces pension fund), Lembaga Tabung Haji and [[Permodalan Nasional Berhad]]. Khazanah Nasional Berhad provided the secretariat to the PCG and managed the implementation of the programme, which was completed in 2015.<ref>Khazanah Nasional Berhad, [https://www.khazanah.com.my/news_pr...te-from-10-year-glc-transformation-programme/ GLCs succesfully [sic] complete and graduate from 10-year GLC Transformation Programme], published 7 August 2015, accessed 29 July 2023</ref>[/td]
[td]The [[Malaysian Government|Malaysian government]] launched a GLC Transformation Programme for its linked companies and linked investment companies ("GLICs") on 29 July 2005, aiming over a ten-year period to transform these businesses "into high-performing entities". The [[Putrajaya]] Committee on GLC High Performance ("PCG"), which oversaw this programme, was chaired by the [[Prime Minister of Malaysia|Prime Minister]], and membership included the Minister of Finance II, the Minister in the Prime Minister's Department in charge of the Economic Planning Unit, the Chief Secretary to the Government, Secretary General of Treasury and the heads of each of the GLICs (the Employees Provident Fund, [[Khazanah Nasional Berhad]], [[Armed Forces Fund Board|Lembaga Tabung Angkatan Tentera]] (the armed forces pension fund), Lembaga Tabung Haji and [[Permodalan Nasional Berhad]]. Khazanah Nasional Berhad provided the secretariat to the PCG and managed the implementation of the programme, which was completed in 2015.<ref>Khazanah Nasional Berhad, [https://www.khazanah.com.my/news_pr...te-from-10-year-glc-transformation-programme/ GLCs successfully [sic] complete and graduate from 10-year GLC Transformation Programme], published 7 August 2015, accessed 29 July 2023</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]==== Oman====[/td]
[td]==== Oman====[/td] [td]In [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] and [[Western Europe]], there was a massive [[nationalization]] throughout the 20th century, especially after [[World War II]]. In the [[Eastern Bloc]], countries adopted very similar policies and models to the USSR. Governments in Western Europe, both left and right of centre, saw state intervention as necessary to rebuild economies shattered by war.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date = 4 January 2014 |title = All Men Are Created Unequal |quotation=Quote: «The wars and depressions between 1914 and 1950 dragged the wealthy back to earth. Wars brought physical destruction of capital, nationalisation, taxation and inflation» |url = https://www.economist.com/news/fina...t-about-impact-capitalism-all-men-are-created |access-date = 27 September 2015 }}</ref> Government control over [[natural monopoly|natural monopolies]] like [[Industry (economics)|industry]] was the norm. Typical sectors included [[telecommunications company|telephones]], [[electrical power industry|electric power]], [[fossil fuels]], [[iron ore]], [[railway company|railways]], [[airline]]s, [[state media|media]], [[mail|postal services]], [[bank]]s, and [[Water industry|water]]. Many large industrial corporations were also nationalized or created as government corporations, including, among many others: [[British Steel Corporation]], [[Equinor]], and [[Águas de Portugal]].<ref name=":0">Starting in the late 1970s and accelerating through the 1980s and 1990s many of these corporations were [[privatization|privatized]], though many still remain wholly or partially owned by the respective governments.</ref>[/td]
[td]In [[Eastern Europe|Eastern]] and [[Western Europe]], there was a massive [[nationalization]] throughout the 20th century, especially after [[World War II]]. In the [[Eastern Bloc]], countries adopted very similar policies and models to the USSR. Governments in Western Europe, both left and right of centre, saw state intervention as necessary to rebuild economies shattered by war.<ref>{{cite news|newspaper=[[The Economist]] |date = 4 January 2014 |title = All Men Are Created Unequal |quotation=Quote: «The wars and depressions between 1914 and 1950 dragged the wealthy back to earth. Wars brought physical destruction of capital, nationalisation, taxation and inflation» |url = https://www.economist.com/news/fina...t-about-impact-capitalism-all-men-are-created |access-date = 27 September 2015 }}</ref> Government control over [[natural monopoly|natural monopolies]] like [[Industry (economics)|industry]] was the norm. Typical sectors included [[telecommunications company|telephones]], [[electrical power industry|electric power]], [[fossil fuels]], [[iron ore]], [[railway company|railways]], [[airline]]s, [[state media|media]], [[mail|postal services]], [[bank]]s, and [[Water industry|water]]. Many large industrial corporations were also nationalized or created as government corporations, including, among many others: [[British Steel Corporation]], [[Equinor]], and [[Águas de Portugal]].<ref name=":0">Starting in the late 1970s and accelerating through the 1980s and 1990s many of these corporations were [[privatization|privatized]], though many still remain wholly or partially owned by the respective governments.</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]{{As of|2024}}, multiple European countries have dedicated ministries and agencies to manage their state-run enterprises, eg. the {{lang|fr|[[Agence des participations de l'État]]}} in France.[/td]
[td]{{As of|2024}}, multiple European countries have dedicated ministries and agencies to manage their state-run enterprises, e.g. the {{lang|fr|[[Agence des participations de l'État]]}} in France.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]A state-run enterprise may operate differently from an ordinary limited liability corporation. For example, in Finland, state-run enterprises (''liikelaitos'') are governed by separate laws. Even though responsible for their own finances, they cannot be declared [[bankrupt]]; the state answers for the liabilities. Stocks of the corporation are not sold and loans have to be government-approved, as they are government liabilities.{{cn|date=January 2025}}[/td]
[td]A state-run enterprise may operate differently from an ordinary limited liability corporation. For example, in Finland, state-run enterprises (''liikelaitos'') are governed by separate laws. Even though responsible for their own finances, they cannot be declared [[bankrupt]]; the state answers for the liabilities. Stocks of the corporation are not sold and loans have to be government-approved, as they are government liabilities.{{cn|date=January 2025}}[/td]
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