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[td]=== 1585-1589 revolt in South East Africa ===[/td]Revision as of 01:12, 1 September 2025
[/td][td]=== 1585-1589 revolt in South East Africa ===[/td] [td]{{Main article|OttomanβPortuguese conflicts (1586β1589)}}[/td]
[td]{{Main article|OttomanβPortuguese conflicts (1586β1589)}}[/td] [td]In 1585, the Turkish privateer [[Mir Ali Beg]] sailed to [[Southeast Africa|Southeastern Africa]] and convinced the cities on the Swahili coast to declare their allegiance to the Ottoman Empire and revolt against Portuguese suzerainty in the region. Mogadishu and Barawa joined the revolt and supplied Mir Ali Beg with men and ships. He later erected a stronghold in [[Mombasa]] and extracted tribute from the cities nearby, but two punitive Portuguese campaigns dispatched by TomΓ© de Souza Coutinho in 1589 reestablished Portuguese authority along the coast for the next century to come.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bach |first=Jean-Nicolas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2JkEAAAQBAJ&q=Somali+Ajuuraan+Ali+beg&pg=PA151 |title=Routledge Handbook of the Horn of Africa |date=2022-03-30 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-76253-6 |pages=151 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Headrick |first=Daniel R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-xRtD64vi5EC&q=Ali+beg+hero's+welcome&pg=PA78 |title=Power over Peoples: Technology, Environments, and Western Imperialism, 1400 to the Present |date=2012-06-28 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-3359-7 |pages=78 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Couto |first1=Dejanirah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7f_IalOpyyQC&q=mogadishu+moors+Ali+beg&pg=PA48 |title=Revisiting Hormuz: Portuguese Interactions in the Persian Gulf Region in the Early Modern Period |last2=Loureiro |first2=Rui |date=2008 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-05731-8 |pages=48 |language=en}}</ref>[/td]
[td]In 1585, the Turkish privateer [[Mir Ali Beg]] sailed to [[Southeast Africa|Southeastern Africa]] and convinced the cities on the Swahili coast to declare their allegiance to the Ottoman Empire and revolt against Portuguese suzerainty in the region. Mogadishu and Barawa joined the revolt and supplied Mir Ali Beg with men and ships. He later erected a stronghold in [[Mombasa]] and extracted tribute from the cities nearby, but two punitive Portuguese campaigns dispatched by TomΓ© de Souza Coutinho in 1589, reestablished Portuguese authority along the coast for the next century to come.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Bach |first=Jean-Nicolas |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K2JkEAAAQBAJ&q=Somali+Ajuuraan+Ali+beg&pg=PA151 |title=Routledge Handbook of the Horn of Africa |date=2022-03-30 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-0-429-76253-6 |pages=151 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Headrick |first=Daniel R. |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-xRtD64vi5EC&q=Ali+beg+hero's+welcome&pg=PA78 |title=Power over Peoples: Technology, Environments, and Western Imperialism, 1400 to the Present |date=2012-06-28 |publisher=Princeton University Press |isbn=978-1-4008-3359-7 |pages=78 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last1=Couto |first1=Dejanirah |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=7f_IalOpyyQC&q=mogadishu+moors+Ali+beg&pg=PA48 |title=Revisiting Hormuz: Portuguese Interactions in the Persian Gulf Region in the Early Modern Period |last2=Loureiro |first2=Rui |date=2008 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-05731-8 |pages=48 |language=en}}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]The Portuguese armada managed to recapture the lost coastal cities and punished its [[Vassal state|vassal states]], but refrained from attacking Mogadishu, thus preserving the city's autonomy on the Indian Ocean. Mir Ali Beg was apprehended and taken to [[Lisbon]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Couto |first=Dejanirah |url=https://books.google.com/books?redi...&q=mogadishu between Mombasa punished&f=false |title=Revisiting Hormuz: Portuguese Interactions in the Persian Gulf Region in the Early Modern Period |last2=Loureiro |first2=Rui |date=2008 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-05731-8 |pages=50 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Knappert |first=Jan |url=https://books.google.com/books?redi...searchwithinvolume&q=Mogadishu+never+occupied |title=Four Centuries of Swahili Verse: A Literary History and Anthology |date=1979 |publisher=Heinemann Educational |isbn=978-0-435-91702-9 |pages=10 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Ottoman Empire]] continued to serve as an economic partner. Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, [[Mogadishu]] consistently resisted Portuguese dominance by adopting a new coinage modelled on the Ottoman system, asserting economic independence from Portuguese influence.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Davidson |first=Basil |author-link=Basil Davidson |url=https://books.google.com/books?redi...=searchwithinvolume&q=Mogadishu+coins+Turkey+ |title=A History of East and Central Africa to the Late Nineteenth Century |date=1969 |publisher=Anchor Books |isbn=978-0-385-00520-3 |pages=115 |language=en |quote=At Mogadishu the king ordered a new set of coins, modelled on those of [[Turkey]], to be struck in his mint. Only [[Malindi]], still loyal to its old alliance with [[Portugal]], stood aside.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bosworth |first=C. Edmund |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C...ppet&q=New copper coins eleven rulers&f=false |title=Historic Cities of the Islamic World |date=2007-08-31 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-474-2383-6 |pages=407 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Loimeier |first=Roman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVGZDwAAQBAJ&q=Mogadishu+escaped+portuguese&pg=PA224 |title=Muslim Societies in Africa: A Historical Anthropology |date=2013-07-17 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-02732-0 |pages=224 |language=en}}</ref>[/td]
[td]The Portuguese armada managed to recapture the lost coastal cities and punished its [[Vassal state|vassal states]], but refrained from attacking Mogadishu, thus preserving the city's autonomy on the Indian Ocean. Mir Ali Beg was apprehended and taken to [[Lisbon]].<ref>{{Cite book |last=Couto |first=Dejanirah |url=https://books.google.com/books?redi...&q=mogadishu between Mombasa punished&f=false |title=Revisiting Hormuz: Portuguese Interactions in the Persian Gulf Region in the Early Modern Period |last2=Loureiro |first2=Rui |date=2008 |publisher=Otto Harrassowitz Verlag |isbn=978-3-447-05731-8 |pages=50 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Knappert |first=Jan |url=https://books.google.com/books?redi...searchwithinvolume&q=Mogadishu+never+occupied |title=Four Centuries of Swahili Verse: A Literary History and Anthology |date=1979 |publisher=Heinemann Educational |isbn=978-0-435-91702-9 |pages=10 |language=en}}</ref> The [[Ottoman Empire]] continued to serve as an economic partner. Throughout the 16th and 17th centuries, [[Mogadishu]] consistently resisted Portuguese dominance by adopting a new coinage modelled on the Ottoman system, asserting economic independence from Portuguese influence.<ref>{{Cite book |last=Davidson |first=Basil |author-link=Basil Davidson |url=https://books.google.com/books?redi...=searchwithinvolume&q=Mogadishu+coins+Turkey+ |title=A History of East and Central Africa to the Late Nineteenth Century |date=1969 |publisher=Anchor Books |isbn=978-0-385-00520-3 |pages=115 |language=en |quote=At Mogadishu the king ordered a new set of coins, modelled on those of [[Turkey]], to be struck in his mint. Only [[Malindi]], still loyal to its old alliance with [[Portugal]], stood aside.}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Bosworth |first=C. Edmund |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=C...ppet&q=New copper coins eleven rulers&f=false |title=Historic Cities of the Islamic World |date=2007-08-31 |publisher=BRILL |isbn=978-90-474-2383-6 |pages=407 |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |last=Loimeier |first=Roman |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cVGZDwAAQBAJ&q=Mogadishu+escaped+portuguese&pg=PA224 |title=Muslim Societies in Africa: A Historical Anthropology |date=2013-07-17 |publisher=Indiana University Press |isbn=978-0-253-02732-0 |pages=224 |language=en}}</ref>[/td]
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