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[td]The form and function of the ritual objects were particularly linked to ancestor worship, despite some artifacts being characterised as unrelated to religious expressions.{{sfn|Keightley|1996|pp=76-77}} Due to the increasing impersonalisation of their ancestor cult, the Shang avoided depicting ancestor deities directly in human form. Despite this non-individualist tendency, the impersonalised cult as a whole was still in some ways visualised.{{sfn|Wu|2016|p=170}}[/td]Revision as of 01:21, 30 August 2025
[/td][td]The form and function of the ritual objects were particularly linked to ancestor worship, despite some artifacts being characterised as unrelated to religious expressions.{{sfn|Keightley|1996|pp=76-77}} Due to the increasing impersonalisation of their ancestor cult, the Shang avoided depicting ancestor deities directly in human form. Despite this non-individualist tendency, the impersonalised cult as a whole was still in some ways visualised.{{sfn|Wu|2016|p=170}}[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]Coloured art of the Shang was represented by the combination of red and black, which were seen as embodying mystical, magical, and cosmological essence. Colour pigments seems to have been applied to divination, with oracle bone inscriptions sometimes appearing with red and black shades, either in the form of brush writing or carved characters.{{sfn|Lai|2015|p=30}}{{sfn|Keightley|1978a|pp=46-47}} Main colourants include lacquer and cinnabar, with the former also employed in mortuary contexts. Specifically, lacquered paintings adorning coffins of kings and even those of Shang military leaders stationed faraway from royal centres.{{sfn|Lai|2015|p=30}}{{sfn|Li|2018|pp=252, 264}} The other colourant, cinnabar, was used to fill in bone cracks and graphs, such as in the case of Huayuanzhuang lineage divinations.{{sfn|Schwartz|2020|p=12}}[/td]
[td]Coloured art of the Shang was represented by the combination of red and black, which were seen as embodying mystical, magical, and cosmological essence.{{sfn|Lai|2015|p=30}} Colour pigments seems to have been applied to divination, with oracle bone inscriptions sometimes appearing with red and black shades, either in the form of brush writing or carved characters.{{sfn|Lai|2015|p=30}}{{sfn|Keightley|1978a|pp=46-47}} Main colourants include lacquer and cinnabar, with the former also employed in mortuary contexts.{{sfn|Lai|2015|p=30}} Specifically, lacquered paintings adorning coffins of kings and even those of Shang military leaders stationed faraway from royal centres.{{sfn|Lai|2015|p=30}}{{sfn|Li|2018|pp=252, 264}} The other colourant, cinnabar, was used to fill in bone cracks and graphs, such as in the case of Huayuanzhuang lineage divinations.{{sfn|Schwartz|2020|p=12}}[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]=== Food and drinks ===[/td]
[td]=== Food and drinks ===[/td]
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