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[td]The form and function of the ritual objects were particularly linked to ancestor worship, despite some artifacts being characterised as unrelated to religious expressions.{{sfn|Keightley|1996|pp=76-77}} Due to the increasing impersonalisation of their ancestor cult, the Shang avoided depicting ancestor deities directly in human form. Despite this non-individualist tendency, the impersonalised cult as a whole was still in some ways visualised.{{sfn|Wu|2016|p=170}}[/td]Revision as of 07:39, 30 August 2025
[/td][td]The form and function of the ritual objects were particularly linked to ancestor worship, despite some artifacts being characterised as unrelated to religious expressions.{{sfn|Keightley|1996|pp=76-77}} Due to the increasing impersonalisation of their ancestor cult, the Shang avoided depicting ancestor deities directly in human form. Despite this non-individualist tendency, the impersonalised cult as a whole was still in some ways visualised.{{sfn|Wu|2016|p=170}}[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]Coloured art of the Shang was represented by the combination of red and black, which were seen as embodying mystical, magical, and cosmological essence.{{sfn|Lai|2015|p=30}} Colour pigments seems to have been applied to divination, with oracle bone inscriptions sometimes appearing with red and black shades, either in the form of brush writing or carved characters.{{sfn|Lai|2015|p=30}}{{sfn|Keightley|1978a|pp=46-47}} Main colourants include lacquer and cinnabar, with the former also employed in mortuary contexts.{{sfn|Lai|2015|p=30}} Specifically, lacquered paintings adorning coffins of kings and even those of Shang military leaders stationed faraway from royal centres.{{sfn|Lai|2015|p=30}}{{sfn|Li|2018|pp=252, 264}} The other colourant, cinnabar, was used to fill in bone cracks and graphs, such as in the case of Huayuanzhuang lineage divinations.{{sfn|Schwartz|2020|p=12}}[/td]
[td]Coloured art of the Shang was represented by the combination of red and black, which were seen as embodying mystical, magical, and cosmological essence.{{sfn|Lai|2015|p=30}} Colour pigments seems to have been applied to divination, with oracle bone inscriptions sometimes appearing with red and black shades, either in the form of brush writing or carved characters.{{sfn|Lai|2015|p=30}}{{sfn|Keightley|1978a|pp=46-47}} Main colourants include lacquer and cinnabar, with the former also employed in mortuary contexts.{{sfn|Lai|2015|p=30}} Specifically, lacquered paintings adorn coffins of kings and even those of Shang military leaders stationed faraway from royal centres.{{sfn|Lai|2015|p=30}}{{sfn|Li|2018|pp=252, 264}} The other colourant, cinnabar, was used to fill in bone cracks and graphs, such as in the case of Huayuanzhuang lineage divinations.{{sfn|Schwartz|2020|p=12}}[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]=== Food and drinks ===[/td]
[td]=== Food and drinks ===[/td]
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