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[td][/td] [td]===Realism===[/td]
[td]===Realism===[/td] [td]''Purananuru'' songs exhibit a unique realism and immediacy not frequently found in classical literature. The nature and the subject of the poems indicate that poets did not write these poems on events that happened years prior, rather they wrote (or sang) them on impulse ''in situ''. Some of the poems are conversational in which the poet pleads, begs, chides or praises the king. One such example is poem 46. The poet Kovur Kizhaar addresses the [[Chola]] king [[Killivalavan]] to save the lives of the children of a defeated enemy who are about to be executed by being trampled under an elephant. The poet says, "β¦ O king, you belong to the heritage of kings who sliced their own flesh to save the life of a pigeon, look at these children; they are so naΓ―ve of their plight that they have stopped crying to look at the swinging trunk of the elephant in amusement. Have pity on them..." The almost [[impressionistic]] picture the poem paints cannot be anything but by someone who is witness to the events present in the poem.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.poetrynook.com/poem/purananuru-part-46 | title=Poem: Purananuru - Part 46 by George L. III Hart }}</ref> Many other poems also suggest that Cholas come from a heritage who sliced their own flesh to save the life of a pigeon.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.poetrynook.com/poem/purananuru-part-43 | title=Poem: Purananuru - Part 43 by George L. III Hart }}</ref> Such mentions make scholars debate that Cholas have claimed them selfs as the descendants of [[Shibi (king)|King Shibi Chakravarthy]] β a legendary hero who self-sacrifices his body for saving a dove's life.{{sfnp|Sastri|1984|pp=19-20|ps=}}[/td]
[td]''Purananuru'' songs exhibit a unique realism and immediacy not frequently found in classical literature. The nature and the subject of the poems indicate that poets did not write these poems on events that happened years prior, rather they wrote (or sang) them on impulse ''in situ''. Some of the poems are conversational in which the poet pleads, begs, chides or praises the king. One such example is poem 46. The poet Kovur Kizhaar addresses the [[Chola]] king [[Killivalavan]] to save the lives of the children of a defeated enemy who are about to be executed by being trampled under an elephant. The poet says, "β¦ O king, you belong to the heritage of kings who sliced their own flesh to save the life of a pigeon, look at these children; they are so naΓ―ve of their plight that they have stopped crying to look at the swinging trunk of the elephant in amusement. Have pity on them..." The almost [[impressionistic]] picture the poem paints cannot be anything but by someone who is witness to the events present in the poem.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.poetrynook.com/poem/purananuru-part-46 | title=Poem: Purananuru - Part 46 by George L. III Hart }}</ref> Many other poems also suggest that Cholas come from a heritage who sliced their own flesh to save the life of a pigeon.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.poetrynook.com/poem/purananuru-part-43 | title=Poem: Purananuru - Part 43 by George L. III Hart }}</ref> Such mentions make scholars debate that Cholas have claimed them selfs as the descendants of [[Shibi (king)|King Shibi Chakravarthy]] β a legendary hero who self-sacrifices his body for saving a dove's life.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sastri |first=K. A. Nilakanta |title=The CΕΔ»as |pages=19-20 |edition=2 |year=1955 |publisher=University of Madras |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4293/page/n7/mode/2up |access-date=2 September 2025 |via=The Internet Archive}}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]The second poem by Mudinagarayar addresses the [[Chera dynasty|Chera]] king Uthayan Cheralaathan and praises him for his feeding the armies at the [[Kurukshetra war]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44140886 | jstor=44140886 | title=Sanskrit Elements in Early Tamil Literature | year=1950 | last1=Sastri | first1=K. A. Nilakanta | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress | access-date=22 January 2024 | volume=13 | pages=43β45 }}</ref> This is an obvious anachronism suggesting a king of the early [[common era]] Tamil country had a role to play in the battle of the [[Mahabharata]] epic. Based on this one poem, there have been attempts at dating the ''Purananuru'' poems to around 1000 BCE or older.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}[/td]
[td]The second poem by Mudinagarayar addresses the [[Chera dynasty|Chera]] king Uthayan Cheralaathan and praises him for his feeding the armies at the [[Kurukshetra war]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44140886 | jstor=44140886 | title=Sanskrit Elements in Early Tamil Literature | year=1950 | last1=Sastri | first1=K. A. Nilakanta | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress | access-date=22 January 2024 | volume=13 | pages=43β45 }}</ref> This is an obvious anachronism suggesting a king of the early [[common era]] Tamil country had a role to play in the battle of the [[Mahabharata]] epic. Based on this one poem, there have been attempts at dating the ''Purananuru'' poems to around 1000 BCE or older.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}[/td]
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[/td][td][/td] [td]===Realism===[/td]
[td]===Realism===[/td] [td]''Purananuru'' songs exhibit a unique realism and immediacy not frequently found in classical literature. The nature and the subject of the poems indicate that poets did not write these poems on events that happened years prior, rather they wrote (or sang) them on impulse ''in situ''. Some of the poems are conversational in which the poet pleads, begs, chides or praises the king. One such example is poem 46. The poet Kovur Kizhaar addresses the [[Chola]] king [[Killivalavan]] to save the lives of the children of a defeated enemy who are about to be executed by being trampled under an elephant. The poet says, "β¦ O king, you belong to the heritage of kings who sliced their own flesh to save the life of a pigeon, look at these children; they are so naΓ―ve of their plight that they have stopped crying to look at the swinging trunk of the elephant in amusement. Have pity on them..." The almost [[impressionistic]] picture the poem paints cannot be anything but by someone who is witness to the events present in the poem.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.poetrynook.com/poem/purananuru-part-46 | title=Poem: Purananuru - Part 46 by George L. III Hart }}</ref> Many other poems also suggest that Cholas come from a heritage who sliced their own flesh to save the life of a pigeon.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.poetrynook.com/poem/purananuru-part-43 | title=Poem: Purananuru - Part 43 by George L. III Hart }}</ref> Such mentions make scholars debate that Cholas have claimed them selfs as the descendants of [[Shibi (king)|King Shibi Chakravarthy]] β a legendary hero who self-sacrifices his body for saving a dove's life.{{sfnp|Sastri|1984|pp=19-20|ps=}}[/td]
[td]''Purananuru'' songs exhibit a unique realism and immediacy not frequently found in classical literature. The nature and the subject of the poems indicate that poets did not write these poems on events that happened years prior, rather they wrote (or sang) them on impulse ''in situ''. Some of the poems are conversational in which the poet pleads, begs, chides or praises the king. One such example is poem 46. The poet Kovur Kizhaar addresses the [[Chola]] king [[Killivalavan]] to save the lives of the children of a defeated enemy who are about to be executed by being trampled under an elephant. The poet says, "β¦ O king, you belong to the heritage of kings who sliced their own flesh to save the life of a pigeon, look at these children; they are so naΓ―ve of their plight that they have stopped crying to look at the swinging trunk of the elephant in amusement. Have pity on them..." The almost [[impressionistic]] picture the poem paints cannot be anything but by someone who is witness to the events present in the poem.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.poetrynook.com/poem/purananuru-part-46 | title=Poem: Purananuru - Part 46 by George L. III Hart }}</ref> Many other poems also suggest that Cholas come from a heritage who sliced their own flesh to save the life of a pigeon.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.poetrynook.com/poem/purananuru-part-43 | title=Poem: Purananuru - Part 43 by George L. III Hart }}</ref> Such mentions make scholars debate that Cholas have claimed them selfs as the descendants of [[Shibi (king)|King Shibi Chakravarthy]] β a legendary hero who self-sacrifices his body for saving a dove's life.<ref>{{cite web |last=Sastri |first=K. A. Nilakanta |title=The CΕΔ»as |pages=19-20 |edition=2 |year=1955 |publisher=University of Madras |url=https://archive.org/details/in.gov.ignca.4293/page/n7/mode/2up |access-date=2 September 2025 |via=The Internet Archive}}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]The second poem by Mudinagarayar addresses the [[Chera dynasty|Chera]] king Uthayan Cheralaathan and praises him for his feeding the armies at the [[Kurukshetra war]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44140886 | jstor=44140886 | title=Sanskrit Elements in Early Tamil Literature | year=1950 | last1=Sastri | first1=K. A. Nilakanta | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress | access-date=22 January 2024 | volume=13 | pages=43β45 }}</ref> This is an obvious anachronism suggesting a king of the early [[common era]] Tamil country had a role to play in the battle of the [[Mahabharata]] epic. Based on this one poem, there have been attempts at dating the ''Purananuru'' poems to around 1000 BCE or older.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}[/td]
[td]The second poem by Mudinagarayar addresses the [[Chera dynasty|Chera]] king Uthayan Cheralaathan and praises him for his feeding the armies at the [[Kurukshetra war]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/44140886 | jstor=44140886 | title=Sanskrit Elements in Early Tamil Literature | year=1950 | last1=Sastri | first1=K. A. Nilakanta | journal=Proceedings of the Indian History Congress | access-date=22 January 2024 | volume=13 | pages=43β45 }}</ref> This is an obvious anachronism suggesting a king of the early [[common era]] Tamil country had a role to play in the battle of the [[Mahabharata]] epic. Based on this one poem, there have been attempts at dating the ''Purananuru'' poems to around 1000 BCE or older.{{citation needed|date=May 2023}}[/td]
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