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Added a section on the Cambodian genocide, supported through foreign aid by China. Added a number of references, including papers published by Yale University Press.
[td]| party = [[Chinese Communist Party]][/td] [td]}}[/td]
[td]}}[/td] [td]'''Huang Hua''' ({{IPAc-en|Λ|hw|Γ¦|Ε|_|Λ|hw|ΙΛ}};<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/huang-hua "Huang Hua"]. ''[[Collins English Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{zh|s=ι»ε|p=HuΓ‘ng HuΓ‘}}; 25 January 1913 β 24 November 2010) was a senior Chinese Communist revolutionary, politician, and diplomat. He served as [[Foreign Minister of China]] from 1976 to 1982, and concurrently as Vice Premier from 1980 to 1982. He was instrumental in establishing diplomatic links of the People's Republic of China with the United States and Japan, and was intensely involved in the negotiations with the United Kingdom over the status of [[Hong Kong]].<ref name=barboza>{{cite news |first=David |last=Barboza |title=Huang Hua, 97, a Diplomat Who Served China, Dies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/25/world/asia/25huang.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date= November 24, 2010 |access-date=30 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=brown>{{cite news |first=Kerry |last=Brown |title=Huang Hua obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/nov/25/huang-hua-obituary |date= November 24, 2010 |access-date=30 August 2015}}</ref>[/td]
[td]'''Huang Hua''' ({{IPAc-en|Λ|hw|Γ¦|Ε|_|Λ|hw|ΙΛ}};<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/huang-hua "Huang Hua"]. ''[[Collins English Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{zh|s=ι»ε|p=HuΓ‘ng HuΓ‘}}; 25 January 1913 β 24 November 2010) was a senior Chinese [[Chinese Communist Party|Communist]] revolutionary, politician, and diplomat. He served as [[Foreign Minister of China]] from 1976 to 1982, and concurrently as Vice Premier from 1980 to 1982.[/td] [td][/td] [td]He was instrumental in establishing diplomatic links of the People's Republic of China (PRC) with the United States and Japan, and was intensely involved in the negotiations with the United Kingdom over the status of [[Hong Kong]].<ref name=barboza>{{cite news |first=David |last=Barboza |title=Huang Hua, 97, a Diplomat Who Served China, Dies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/25/world/asia/25huang.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=24 November 2010 |access-date=30 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=brown>{{cite news |first=Kerry |last=Brown |title=Huang Hua obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/nov/25/huang-hua-obituary |date=24 November 2010 |access-date=30 August 2015}}</ref> He also played a central role in supporting the [[Khmer Rouge]] in [[Cambodia]] during the [[Cambodian genocide]] (1975{{endash}}1979),<ref name="uca">{{cite web|title=36. Cambodia (1954-present)|website=uca.edu|url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/ho...c-region/cambodia-1954-present/|quote=Foreign Minister Huang Hua of China expressed support for the Khmer Rouge on March 19, 1980.}}</ref><ref name="yale">{{cite web|title=Thailand's Response to the Cambodian Genocide|author=Puangthong Rungswasdisab|url=https://macmillan.yale.edu/gsp/thai...cide|website=macmillan.yale.edu|quote=Foreign Minister Huang Hua announced in early 1980 Chinaβs determination to continue full arms support for the Pol Pot group.}}</ref> a regime which the PRC heavily funded and armed.<ref name="NYT 2015-03-30"/><ref name="Kiernan 2008"/><ref name="Southgate 2019"/><ref name="Burying">{{cite web|title=Burying China's Complicity in the Killing Fields|author=Jehangir S. Pocha|date=5 May 2005|url=https://archive-yaleglobal.yale.edu...ng-fields|website=archive-yaleglobal.yale.edu}}</ref> China launched the [[Sino-Vietnamese War]] in 1979 in response to [[Vietnam]]'s invasion and occupation of Cambodia in 1978, which ended the rule of the Chinese-backed Khmer Rouge.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]==Biography==[/td]
[td]==Biography==[/td] [td]After Mao Zedong's death in 1976, Foreign Minister [[Qiao Guanhua]], an ally of the radical [[Gang of Four]], was dismissed from his post and Huang appointed as his replacement.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=145}} Huang accompanied Chinese leader [[Deng Xiaoping]] during his [[Visit by Deng Xiaoping to the United States|visit to the United States]] in January 1979, which led to the establishing of diplomatic relations.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=148}} Along with Premier [[Zhao Ziyang]], Huang participated in the 1981 [[NorthβSouth Summit]]. At the summit, Huang received instructions from Zhao to soften the PRC's anti-Soviet talking points. Huang and his deputy Pu Shoucang did not comply, which Zhao saw as a challenge to his authority.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=156}}[/td]
[td]After Mao Zedong's death in 1976, Foreign Minister [[Qiao Guanhua]], an ally of the radical [[Gang of Four]], was dismissed from his post and Huang appointed as his replacement.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=145}} Huang accompanied Chinese leader [[Deng Xiaoping]] during his [[Visit by Deng Xiaoping to the United States|visit to the United States]] in January 1979, which led to the establishing of diplomatic relations.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=148}} Along with Premier [[Zhao Ziyang]], Huang participated in the 1981 [[NorthβSouth Summit]]. At the summit, Huang received instructions from Zhao to soften the PRC's anti-Soviet talking points. Huang and his deputy Pu Shoucang did not comply, which Zhao saw as a challenge to his authority.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=156}}[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]During Huang's tenure as Foreign Minister, the PRC actively supported the fellow communist [[Khmer Rouge]] regime in [[Cambodia]], as it orchestrated the [[Cambodian genocide]] (1975{{endash}}1979).<ref name="uca"/><ref name="yale"/><ref name="Burying"/> The regime was largely funded by the CCP, receiving approval from Mao; it is estimated that at least 90% of the foreign aid which was provided to the Khmer Rouge came from China.<ref name="NYT 2015-03-30">{{Cite web|url=https://sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.co...r-china-to-confront-its-own-past/|title=China Is Urged to Confront Its Own History|last=Levin|first=Dan|date=30 March 2015|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=26 November 2019|archive-date=20 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022052...ina-to-confront-its-own-past/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kiernan 2008">{{Cite book|last=Kiernan|first=Ben|title=The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia Under the Khmer Rouge, 1975β79|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0300142990}}</ref><ref name="Southgate 2019">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5...a+a+total+of+US$1+billion&pg=PA84|title=ASEAN Resistance to Sovereignty Violation: Interests, Balancing and the Role of the Vanguard State|last=Laura|first=Southgate|date=8 May 2019|publisher=Policy Press|isbn=978-1-5292-0221-2}}</ref> The aid provided by China to the Khmer Rouge included "arms, food, material, training, technicians and, most important, international political support."<ref name="Burying"/> After [[Vietnam]] [[CambodianβVietnamese War|invaded and occupied]] Cambodia in 1978, ending the rule of the Khmer Rouge, China launched the [[Sino-Vietnamese War]] in 1979 in response.[/td] [td]When Soviet leader [[Leonid Brezhnev]] died in November 1982, a Chinese delegation headed by Huang Hua as Foreign Minister attended the funeral, where Huang praised the late Soviet leader as "an outstanding champion of world peace," and expressed his hope for normalized relations with Moscow. This was during the [[Sino-Soviet split]], when PRC and the USSR [[Sino-Soviet split#Competing_hegemonies|competed for influence]] in the world. Huang was succeeded as Foreign Minister by [[Wu Xueqian]] after his return to China.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=157}} Huang nevertheless stayed active in "friendship diplomacy" after his retirement, meeting [[Henry Kissinger]] during the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] in Beijing.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=157}} Huang died on 24 November 2010 at the age of 97.<ref name="brown" />[/td] [td][/td] [td]When Soviet leader [[Leonid Brezhnev]] died in November 1982, a Chinese delegation headed by Huang Hua as Foreign Minister attended the funeral, where Huang praised the late Soviet leader as "an outstanding champion of world peace," and expressed his hope for normalized relations with Moscow. This was during the [[Sino-Soviet split]], when PRC and the USSR [[Sino-Soviet split#Competing_hegemonies|competed for influence]] in the world. Huang was succeeded as Foreign Minister by [[Wu Xueqian]] after his return to China.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=157}} Huang nevertheless stayed active in "friendship diplomacy" after his retirement, meeting [[Henry Kissinger]] during the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] in Beijing.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=157}} Huang died on 24 November 2010 at the age of 97.<ref name="brown" />[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]==Personal life==[/td]
[td]==Personal life==[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]==References==[/td]
[td]==References==[/td] [td]===Citations===[/td] [td][/td] [td]=== Citations ===[/td] [td]{{reflist}}[/td]
[td]{{reflist}}[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]=== Sources ===[/td]
[td]===Sources===[/td] [td]{{refbegin}}[/td]
[td]{{refbegin}}[/td] [td]* {{cite book |last=Martin |first=Peter |title=China's Civilian Army: The Making of Wolf Warrior Diplomacy |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2021 |isbn=9780197513705 |doi=10.1093/oso/9780197513705.001.0001}}[/td]
[td]* {{cite book |last=Martin |first=Peter |title=China's Civilian Army: The Making of Wolf Warrior Diplomacy |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2021 |isbn=9780197513705 |doi=10.1093/oso/9780197513705.001.0001}}[/td] [td]{{refend}}[/td]
[td]{{refend}}[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]== External links ==[/td]
[td]==External links==[/td] [td]* [http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/ziliao_665539/wjrw_665549/3606_665551/t44159.shtml Huang Hua] on Chinese Foreign Ministry[/td]
[td]* [http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/ziliao_665539/wjrw_665549/3606_665551/t44159.shtml Huang Hua] on Chinese Foreign Ministry[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td]
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[td]
β Previous revision
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[td]| party = [[Chinese Communist Party]][/td]Revision as of 08:02, 2 September 2025
[/td][td]| party = [[Chinese Communist Party]][/td] [td]}}[/td]
[td]}}[/td] [td]'''Huang Hua''' ({{IPAc-en|Λ|hw|Γ¦|Ε|_|Λ|hw|ΙΛ}};<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/huang-hua "Huang Hua"]. ''[[Collins English Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{zh|s=ι»ε|p=HuΓ‘ng HuΓ‘}}; 25 January 1913 β 24 November 2010) was a senior Chinese Communist revolutionary, politician, and diplomat. He served as [[Foreign Minister of China]] from 1976 to 1982, and concurrently as Vice Premier from 1980 to 1982. He was instrumental in establishing diplomatic links of the People's Republic of China with the United States and Japan, and was intensely involved in the negotiations with the United Kingdom over the status of [[Hong Kong]].<ref name=barboza>{{cite news |first=David |last=Barboza |title=Huang Hua, 97, a Diplomat Who Served China, Dies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/25/world/asia/25huang.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date= November 24, 2010 |access-date=30 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=brown>{{cite news |first=Kerry |last=Brown |title=Huang Hua obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/nov/25/huang-hua-obituary |date= November 24, 2010 |access-date=30 August 2015}}</ref>[/td]
[td]'''Huang Hua''' ({{IPAc-en|Λ|hw|Γ¦|Ε|_|Λ|hw|ΙΛ}};<ref>[https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/huang-hua "Huang Hua"]. ''[[Collins English Dictionary]]''.</ref> {{zh|s=ι»ε|p=HuΓ‘ng HuΓ‘}}; 25 January 1913 β 24 November 2010) was a senior Chinese [[Chinese Communist Party|Communist]] revolutionary, politician, and diplomat. He served as [[Foreign Minister of China]] from 1976 to 1982, and concurrently as Vice Premier from 1980 to 1982.[/td] [td][/td] [td]He was instrumental in establishing diplomatic links of the People's Republic of China (PRC) with the United States and Japan, and was intensely involved in the negotiations with the United Kingdom over the status of [[Hong Kong]].<ref name=barboza>{{cite news |first=David |last=Barboza |title=Huang Hua, 97, a Diplomat Who Served China, Dies |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/25/world/asia/25huang.html |newspaper=The New York Times |date=24 November 2010 |access-date=30 August 2015}}</ref><ref name=brown>{{cite news |first=Kerry |last=Brown |title=Huang Hua obituary |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/nov/25/huang-hua-obituary |date=24 November 2010 |access-date=30 August 2015}}</ref> He also played a central role in supporting the [[Khmer Rouge]] in [[Cambodia]] during the [[Cambodian genocide]] (1975{{endash}}1979),<ref name="uca">{{cite web|title=36. Cambodia (1954-present)|website=uca.edu|url=https://uca.edu/politicalscience/ho...c-region/cambodia-1954-present/|quote=Foreign Minister Huang Hua of China expressed support for the Khmer Rouge on March 19, 1980.}}</ref><ref name="yale">{{cite web|title=Thailand's Response to the Cambodian Genocide|author=Puangthong Rungswasdisab|url=https://macmillan.yale.edu/gsp/thai...cide|website=macmillan.yale.edu|quote=Foreign Minister Huang Hua announced in early 1980 Chinaβs determination to continue full arms support for the Pol Pot group.}}</ref> a regime which the PRC heavily funded and armed.<ref name="NYT 2015-03-30"/><ref name="Kiernan 2008"/><ref name="Southgate 2019"/><ref name="Burying">{{cite web|title=Burying China's Complicity in the Killing Fields|author=Jehangir S. Pocha|date=5 May 2005|url=https://archive-yaleglobal.yale.edu...ng-fields|website=archive-yaleglobal.yale.edu}}</ref> China launched the [[Sino-Vietnamese War]] in 1979 in response to [[Vietnam]]'s invasion and occupation of Cambodia in 1978, which ended the rule of the Chinese-backed Khmer Rouge.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]==Biography==[/td]
[td]==Biography==[/td] [td]After Mao Zedong's death in 1976, Foreign Minister [[Qiao Guanhua]], an ally of the radical [[Gang of Four]], was dismissed from his post and Huang appointed as his replacement.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=145}} Huang accompanied Chinese leader [[Deng Xiaoping]] during his [[Visit by Deng Xiaoping to the United States|visit to the United States]] in January 1979, which led to the establishing of diplomatic relations.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=148}} Along with Premier [[Zhao Ziyang]], Huang participated in the 1981 [[NorthβSouth Summit]]. At the summit, Huang received instructions from Zhao to soften the PRC's anti-Soviet talking points. Huang and his deputy Pu Shoucang did not comply, which Zhao saw as a challenge to his authority.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=156}}[/td]
[td]After Mao Zedong's death in 1976, Foreign Minister [[Qiao Guanhua]], an ally of the radical [[Gang of Four]], was dismissed from his post and Huang appointed as his replacement.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=145}} Huang accompanied Chinese leader [[Deng Xiaoping]] during his [[Visit by Deng Xiaoping to the United States|visit to the United States]] in January 1979, which led to the establishing of diplomatic relations.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=148}} Along with Premier [[Zhao Ziyang]], Huang participated in the 1981 [[NorthβSouth Summit]]. At the summit, Huang received instructions from Zhao to soften the PRC's anti-Soviet talking points. Huang and his deputy Pu Shoucang did not comply, which Zhao saw as a challenge to his authority.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=156}}[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]During Huang's tenure as Foreign Minister, the PRC actively supported the fellow communist [[Khmer Rouge]] regime in [[Cambodia]], as it orchestrated the [[Cambodian genocide]] (1975{{endash}}1979).<ref name="uca"/><ref name="yale"/><ref name="Burying"/> The regime was largely funded by the CCP, receiving approval from Mao; it is estimated that at least 90% of the foreign aid which was provided to the Khmer Rouge came from China.<ref name="NYT 2015-03-30">{{Cite web|url=https://sinosphere.blogs.nytimes.co...r-china-to-confront-its-own-past/|title=China Is Urged to Confront Its Own History|last=Levin|first=Dan|date=30 March 2015|website=[[The New York Times]]|access-date=26 November 2019|archive-date=20 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2022052...ina-to-confront-its-own-past/|url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="Kiernan 2008">{{Cite book|last=Kiernan|first=Ben|title=The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia Under the Khmer Rouge, 1975β79|publisher=Yale University Press|year=2008|isbn=978-0300142990}}</ref><ref name="Southgate 2019">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5...a+a+total+of+US$1+billion&pg=PA84|title=ASEAN Resistance to Sovereignty Violation: Interests, Balancing and the Role of the Vanguard State|last=Laura|first=Southgate|date=8 May 2019|publisher=Policy Press|isbn=978-1-5292-0221-2}}</ref> The aid provided by China to the Khmer Rouge included "arms, food, material, training, technicians and, most important, international political support."<ref name="Burying"/> After [[Vietnam]] [[CambodianβVietnamese War|invaded and occupied]] Cambodia in 1978, ending the rule of the Khmer Rouge, China launched the [[Sino-Vietnamese War]] in 1979 in response.[/td] [td]When Soviet leader [[Leonid Brezhnev]] died in November 1982, a Chinese delegation headed by Huang Hua as Foreign Minister attended the funeral, where Huang praised the late Soviet leader as "an outstanding champion of world peace," and expressed his hope for normalized relations with Moscow. This was during the [[Sino-Soviet split]], when PRC and the USSR [[Sino-Soviet split#Competing_hegemonies|competed for influence]] in the world. Huang was succeeded as Foreign Minister by [[Wu Xueqian]] after his return to China.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=157}} Huang nevertheless stayed active in "friendship diplomacy" after his retirement, meeting [[Henry Kissinger]] during the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] in Beijing.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=157}} Huang died on 24 November 2010 at the age of 97.<ref name="brown" />[/td] [td][/td] [td]When Soviet leader [[Leonid Brezhnev]] died in November 1982, a Chinese delegation headed by Huang Hua as Foreign Minister attended the funeral, where Huang praised the late Soviet leader as "an outstanding champion of world peace," and expressed his hope for normalized relations with Moscow. This was during the [[Sino-Soviet split]], when PRC and the USSR [[Sino-Soviet split#Competing_hegemonies|competed for influence]] in the world. Huang was succeeded as Foreign Minister by [[Wu Xueqian]] after his return to China.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=157}} Huang nevertheless stayed active in "friendship diplomacy" after his retirement, meeting [[Henry Kissinger]] during the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] in Beijing.{{Sfn|Martin|2021|p=157}} Huang died on 24 November 2010 at the age of 97.<ref name="brown" />[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]==Personal life==[/td]
[td]==Personal life==[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]==References==[/td]
[td]==References==[/td] [td]===Citations===[/td] [td][/td] [td]=== Citations ===[/td] [td]{{reflist}}[/td]
[td]{{reflist}}[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]=== Sources ===[/td]
[td]===Sources===[/td] [td]{{refbegin}}[/td]
[td]{{refbegin}}[/td] [td]* {{cite book |last=Martin |first=Peter |title=China's Civilian Army: The Making of Wolf Warrior Diplomacy |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2021 |isbn=9780197513705 |doi=10.1093/oso/9780197513705.001.0001}}[/td]
[td]* {{cite book |last=Martin |first=Peter |title=China's Civilian Army: The Making of Wolf Warrior Diplomacy |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2021 |isbn=9780197513705 |doi=10.1093/oso/9780197513705.001.0001}}[/td] [td]{{refend}}[/td]
[td]{{refend}}[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]== External links ==[/td]
[td]==External links==[/td] [td]* [http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/ziliao_665539/wjrw_665549/3606_665551/t44159.shtml Huang Hua] on Chinese Foreign Ministry[/td]
[td]* [http://www.fmprc.gov.cn/mfa_eng/ziliao_665539/wjrw_665549/3606_665551/t44159.shtml Huang Hua] on Chinese Foreign Ministry[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td]
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