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[td]In 1937 the [[de Havilland Aircraft Company]] built a factory that supplied aircraft to [[Cobham's Flying Circus]]. During [[World War II]] the factory manufactured [[Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)|variable pitch propellers]] for [[Spitfires]], making it a target for German bombers, who in July 1942 attempted to raid the factory by employing some of Germany's best pilots and crews in two [[Junkers Ju 88|Junkers JU 88]] bombers in a mission using the Rivington reservoirs as landmarks to navigate at low level flying over the water then rooftops of Lever Park to find its target. The raid went off course due to low clouds.<ref name="1942ju88">{{cite web |last1=Lacey |first1=Paul |title=Bombers Over Rivington 1942 |url=https://archive.org/details/bombers_over_rivington_1942 |website=Internet Archive |date=11 July 2019 |access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref> The company was taken over by [[Hawker Siddeley]] and subsequently [[British Aerospace]], the site was halved and moved to the south side of Hall lane Lostock when taken over by MBDA in 1997 it is still in 2013 making missiles and the site is now used for integration and test purposes.<ref name="IandE">{{citation|title=Industry and Commerce |url=http://www.horwich.gov.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=36&Itemid=36 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2007050...?option=com_content&task=view&id=36&Itemid=36 |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 May 2007 |publisher=Horwich Town Council |access-date=20 June 2010 }}</ref> Horwich works was very active in armament production in the first and second world wars, in recognition [[George VI]] and his wife [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Elizabeth]] visited the town in 1940.{{sfn|Smith|1988|p=189}}[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]====Railway Town====[/td]
[td]====Railway town====[/td] [td]{{main|Horwich Works}}[/td]
[td]{{main|Horwich Works}}[/td] [td][[File:Rivington House, Horwich Works 2040377.jpg|thumb|left|Rivington House, Horwich Works]][/td]
[td][[File:Rivington House, Horwich Works 2040377.jpg|thumb|left|Rivington House, Horwich Works]][/td] [td]In the period of the railway works from spring 1884 to 1983 Horwich changed drastically. The site first opened as the [[Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway]] (L&YR) works, leading to a large complex for building and maintaining locomotives, the site replaced one at [[Miles Platting]].[/td]
[td]In the period of the railway works from spring 1884 to 1983 Horwich changed drastically. The site first opened as the [[Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway]] (L&YR) works, leading to a large complex for building and maintaining locomotives, the site replaced one at [[Miles Platting]].[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]Horwich Works was built on 142 hectares of land bought for Β£36,000, in 1911 the entiire town was 3,254 acres, or less than 1317 hectacres.{{sfn|Farrer|Brownbill|1911|p=6}}{{sfn|Smith|1988|p=16}} The first workshop, Rivington House opened in February 1887. It is 106.7 metres long by 16.8 metres wide. The long brick built workshops had full-height arched windows and were separated by tram and rail tracks. Work to construct the three-bay, 463.3 metres long, 36 metres wide, erecting shop began in March 1885. Inside it were 20 overhead cranes.<ref name="ET">{{Citation |url=http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=1101|title=Horwich Locomotive Works, LYR |publisher= Engineering Timelines|access-date=17 June 2010}}</ref> By November 1886 the first locomotives arrived at the works for repair.[/td]
[td]Horwich Works was built on {{convert|142|ha|abbr=off}} of land bought for Β£36,000. In 1911, the entire town was {{convert|3254|acre|abbr=off|disp=flip}}.{{sfn|Farrer|Brownbill|1911|p=6}}{{sfn|Smith|1988|p=16}} The first workshop, Rivington House opened in February 1887. It is 106.7 metres long by 16.8 metres wide. The long brick built workshops had full-height arched windows and were separated by tram and rail tracks. Work to construct the three-bay, 463.3 metres long, 36 metres wide, erecting shop began in March 1885. Inside it were 20 overhead cranes.<ref name="ET">{{Citation |url=http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=1101|title=Horwich Locomotive Works, LYR |publisher= Engineering Timelines|access-date=17 June 2010}}</ref> By November 1886 the first locomotives arrived at the works for repair.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]The first Horwich built locomotive, Number 1008, left the works in 1887 and is preserved at the [[National Railway Museum]].{{sfn|Smith|1988|p=?}}{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=?}}<ref name=railwaytowncountry>Simmons, Jack, (1986) ''The Railway in Town and Country,'' Newton Abbot: David and Charles ({{ISBN|0-7153-8699-9}})</ref><ref name=railwayworkshops>Larkin, Edgar J. and Larkin, John G., (1988) ''The Railway Workshops of Great Britain, 1823β1986,'' London: Macmillan Press ({{ISBN|0-333-39431-3}})</ref>[/td]
[td]The first Horwich built locomotive, Number 1008, left the works in 1887 and is preserved at the [[National Railway Museum]].{{sfn|Smith|1988|p=?}}{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=?}}<ref name=railwaytowncountry>Simmons, Jack, (1986) ''The Railway in Town and Country,'' Newton Abbot: David and Charles ({{ISBN|0-7153-8699-9}})</ref><ref name=railwayworkshops>Larkin, Edgar J. and Larkin, John G., (1988) ''The Railway Workshops of Great Britain, 1823β1986,'' London: Macmillan Press ({{ISBN|0-333-39431-3}})</ref>[/td] [td]Horwich Works continued to build and repair locomotives for the LMS until the company was [[nationalised]] in 1948 by the [[Transport Act 1947]], becoming [[British Rail]]ways. In 1962, British Railways transferred control of its main works to British Railways Workshops Division, with its headquarters in [[Derby]]. In 1970 it was renamed [[British Rail Engineering Limited]] (BREL) and remained the town's most significant employer.{{sfn|Smith|1988|p=?}}{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=193}}<ref name=railwaytowncountry/><ref name=railwayworkshops/>[/td]
[td]Horwich Works continued to build and repair locomotives for the LMS until the company was [[nationalised]] in 1948 by the [[Transport Act 1947]], becoming [[British Rail]]ways. In 1962, British Railways transferred control of its main works to British Railways Workshops Division, with its headquarters in [[Derby]]. In 1970 it was renamed [[British Rail Engineering Limited]] (BREL) and remained the town's most significant employer.{{sfn|Smith|1988|p=?}}{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=193}}<ref name=railwaytowncountry/><ref name=railwayworkshops/>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]Production changed and the last steam locomotive built at Horwich Works left on 27 November 1957, after which the works produced shunting diesel trains until 28 December 1962.{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=191}} It was reduced to repairing engines and maintaining railway wagons. On 18 February 1983 BREL announced that the works would close at the end of the year. Protest marches and spirited trade union resistance failed to alter the decision and at 1 pm on Friday, 23 December 1983 Horwich Works closed after 97 years. The town went through a period of high unemployment afterward, {{sfn|Smith|1988|p=?}}{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=?}}<ref name=railwaytowncountry/><ref name=railwayworkshops/> The freehold of the railway works site was transferred from British Rail to Bolton Council in the mid-1990s.[/td]
[td]Production changed and the last steam locomotive built at Horwich Works left on 27 November 1957, after which the works produced shunting diesel trains until 28 December 1962.{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=191}} It was reduced to repairing engines and maintaining railway wagons. On 18 February 1983, BREL announced that the works would close at the end of the year. Protest marches and spirited trade union resistance failed to alter the decision and at 1{{nbsp}}pm on Friday, 23 December 1983 Horwich Works closed after 97{{nbsp}}years. The town went through a period of high unemployment afterward, {{sfn|Smith|1988|p=?}}{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=?}}<ref name=railwaytowncountry/><ref name=railwayworkshops/> The freehold of the railway works site was transferred from British Rail to Bolton Council in the mid-1990s.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]A proposal to demolish the works and build 1,700 homes and a school was submitted to [[Bolton Council]] in early 2010.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news...rks_may_become_housing_estate/|title=Historic Loco Works May become housing estate|work=The Bolton News|date=20 January 2010|publisher=Newsquest Media Group}}</ref> The initial phase of the development commenced in 2019.<ref name="rivington_chase">{{cite web |last1=Vesty |first1=Helena |title=What the Β£262m Rivington Chase development looks like now |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/new...gton-chase-development-scheme-looks-like-now/ |website=Bolton News |date=4 April 2019 |access-date=11 September 2019}}</ref>[/td]
[td]A proposal to demolish the works and build 1,700 homes and a school was submitted to [[Bolton Council]] in early 2010.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news...rks_may_become_housing_estate/|title=Historic Loco Works May become housing estate|work=The Bolton News|date=20 January 2010|publisher=Newsquest Media Group}}</ref> The initial phase of the development commenced in 2019.<ref name="rivington_chase">{{cite web |last1=Vesty |first1=Helena |title=What the Β£262m Rivington Chase development looks like now |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/new...gton-chase-development-scheme-looks-like-now/ |website=Bolton News |date=4 April 2019 |access-date=11 September 2019}}</ref>[/td]
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[td]In 1937 the [[de Havilland Aircraft Company]] built a factory that supplied aircraft to [[Cobham's Flying Circus]]. During [[World War II]] the factory manufactured [[Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)|variable pitch propellers]] for [[Spitfires]], making it a target for German bombers, who in July 1942 attempted to raid the factory by employing some of Germany's best pilots and crews in two [[Junkers Ju 88|Junkers JU 88]] bombers in a mission using the Rivington reservoirs as landmarks to navigate at low level flying over the water then rooftops of Lever Park to find its target. The raid went off course due to low clouds.<ref name="1942ju88">{{cite web |last1=Lacey |first1=Paul |title=Bombers Over Rivington 1942 |url=https://archive.org/details/bombers_over_rivington_1942 |website=Internet Archive |date=11 July 2019 |access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref> The company was taken over by [[Hawker Siddeley]] and subsequently [[British Aerospace]], the site was halved and moved to the south side of Hall lane Lostock when taken over by MBDA in 1997 it is still in 2013 making missiles and the site is now used for integration and test purposes.<ref name="IandE">{{citation|title=Industry and Commerce |url=http://www.horwich.gov.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=36&Itemid=36 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2007050...?option=com_content&task=view&id=36&Itemid=36 |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 May 2007 |publisher=Horwich Town Council |access-date=20 June 2010 }}</ref> Horwich works was very active in armament production in the first and second world wars, in recognition [[George VI]] and his wife [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Elizabeth]] visited the town in 1940.{{sfn|Smith|1988|p=189}}[/td]Revision as of 07:34, 2 September 2025
[/td][td]In 1937 the [[de Havilland Aircraft Company]] built a factory that supplied aircraft to [[Cobham's Flying Circus]]. During [[World War II]] the factory manufactured [[Variable-pitch propeller (aeronautics)|variable pitch propellers]] for [[Spitfires]], making it a target for German bombers, who in July 1942 attempted to raid the factory by employing some of Germany's best pilots and crews in two [[Junkers Ju 88|Junkers JU 88]] bombers in a mission using the Rivington reservoirs as landmarks to navigate at low level flying over the water then rooftops of Lever Park to find its target. The raid went off course due to low clouds.<ref name="1942ju88">{{cite web |last1=Lacey |first1=Paul |title=Bombers Over Rivington 1942 |url=https://archive.org/details/bombers_over_rivington_1942 |website=Internet Archive |date=11 July 2019 |access-date=16 September 2019}}</ref> The company was taken over by [[Hawker Siddeley]] and subsequently [[British Aerospace]], the site was halved and moved to the south side of Hall lane Lostock when taken over by MBDA in 1997 it is still in 2013 making missiles and the site is now used for integration and test purposes.<ref name="IandE">{{citation|title=Industry and Commerce |url=http://www.horwich.gov.uk/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=36&Itemid=36 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/2007050...?option=com_content&task=view&id=36&Itemid=36 |url-status=dead |archive-date=7 May 2007 |publisher=Horwich Town Council |access-date=20 June 2010 }}</ref> Horwich works was very active in armament production in the first and second world wars, in recognition [[George VI]] and his wife [[Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother|Queen Elizabeth]] visited the town in 1940.{{sfn|Smith|1988|p=189}}[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]====Railway Town====[/td]
[td]====Railway town====[/td] [td]{{main|Horwich Works}}[/td]
[td]{{main|Horwich Works}}[/td] [td][[File:Rivington House, Horwich Works 2040377.jpg|thumb|left|Rivington House, Horwich Works]][/td]
[td][[File:Rivington House, Horwich Works 2040377.jpg|thumb|left|Rivington House, Horwich Works]][/td] [td]In the period of the railway works from spring 1884 to 1983 Horwich changed drastically. The site first opened as the [[Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway]] (L&YR) works, leading to a large complex for building and maintaining locomotives, the site replaced one at [[Miles Platting]].[/td]
[td]In the period of the railway works from spring 1884 to 1983 Horwich changed drastically. The site first opened as the [[Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway]] (L&YR) works, leading to a large complex for building and maintaining locomotives, the site replaced one at [[Miles Platting]].[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]Horwich Works was built on 142 hectares of land bought for Β£36,000, in 1911 the entiire town was 3,254 acres, or less than 1317 hectacres.{{sfn|Farrer|Brownbill|1911|p=6}}{{sfn|Smith|1988|p=16}} The first workshop, Rivington House opened in February 1887. It is 106.7 metres long by 16.8 metres wide. The long brick built workshops had full-height arched windows and were separated by tram and rail tracks. Work to construct the three-bay, 463.3 metres long, 36 metres wide, erecting shop began in March 1885. Inside it were 20 overhead cranes.<ref name="ET">{{Citation |url=http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=1101|title=Horwich Locomotive Works, LYR |publisher= Engineering Timelines|access-date=17 June 2010}}</ref> By November 1886 the first locomotives arrived at the works for repair.[/td]
[td]Horwich Works was built on {{convert|142|ha|abbr=off}} of land bought for Β£36,000. In 1911, the entire town was {{convert|3254|acre|abbr=off|disp=flip}}.{{sfn|Farrer|Brownbill|1911|p=6}}{{sfn|Smith|1988|p=16}} The first workshop, Rivington House opened in February 1887. It is 106.7 metres long by 16.8 metres wide. The long brick built workshops had full-height arched windows and were separated by tram and rail tracks. Work to construct the three-bay, 463.3 metres long, 36 metres wide, erecting shop began in March 1885. Inside it were 20 overhead cranes.<ref name="ET">{{Citation |url=http://www.engineering-timelines.com/scripts/engineeringItem.asp?id=1101|title=Horwich Locomotive Works, LYR |publisher= Engineering Timelines|access-date=17 June 2010}}</ref> By November 1886 the first locomotives arrived at the works for repair.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]The first Horwich built locomotive, Number 1008, left the works in 1887 and is preserved at the [[National Railway Museum]].{{sfn|Smith|1988|p=?}}{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=?}}<ref name=railwaytowncountry>Simmons, Jack, (1986) ''The Railway in Town and Country,'' Newton Abbot: David and Charles ({{ISBN|0-7153-8699-9}})</ref><ref name=railwayworkshops>Larkin, Edgar J. and Larkin, John G., (1988) ''The Railway Workshops of Great Britain, 1823β1986,'' London: Macmillan Press ({{ISBN|0-333-39431-3}})</ref>[/td]
[td]The first Horwich built locomotive, Number 1008, left the works in 1887 and is preserved at the [[National Railway Museum]].{{sfn|Smith|1988|p=?}}{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=?}}<ref name=railwaytowncountry>Simmons, Jack, (1986) ''The Railway in Town and Country,'' Newton Abbot: David and Charles ({{ISBN|0-7153-8699-9}})</ref><ref name=railwayworkshops>Larkin, Edgar J. and Larkin, John G., (1988) ''The Railway Workshops of Great Britain, 1823β1986,'' London: Macmillan Press ({{ISBN|0-333-39431-3}})</ref>[/td] [td]Horwich Works continued to build and repair locomotives for the LMS until the company was [[nationalised]] in 1948 by the [[Transport Act 1947]], becoming [[British Rail]]ways. In 1962, British Railways transferred control of its main works to British Railways Workshops Division, with its headquarters in [[Derby]]. In 1970 it was renamed [[British Rail Engineering Limited]] (BREL) and remained the town's most significant employer.{{sfn|Smith|1988|p=?}}{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=193}}<ref name=railwaytowncountry/><ref name=railwayworkshops/>[/td]
[td]Horwich Works continued to build and repair locomotives for the LMS until the company was [[nationalised]] in 1948 by the [[Transport Act 1947]], becoming [[British Rail]]ways. In 1962, British Railways transferred control of its main works to British Railways Workshops Division, with its headquarters in [[Derby]]. In 1970 it was renamed [[British Rail Engineering Limited]] (BREL) and remained the town's most significant employer.{{sfn|Smith|1988|p=?}}{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=193}}<ref name=railwaytowncountry/><ref name=railwayworkshops/>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]Production changed and the last steam locomotive built at Horwich Works left on 27 November 1957, after which the works produced shunting diesel trains until 28 December 1962.{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=191}} It was reduced to repairing engines and maintaining railway wagons. On 18 February 1983 BREL announced that the works would close at the end of the year. Protest marches and spirited trade union resistance failed to alter the decision and at 1 pm on Friday, 23 December 1983 Horwich Works closed after 97 years. The town went through a period of high unemployment afterward, {{sfn|Smith|1988|p=?}}{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=?}}<ref name=railwaytowncountry/><ref name=railwayworkshops/> The freehold of the railway works site was transferred from British Rail to Bolton Council in the mid-1990s.[/td]
[td]Production changed and the last steam locomotive built at Horwich Works left on 27 November 1957, after which the works produced shunting diesel trains until 28 December 1962.{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=191}} It was reduced to repairing engines and maintaining railway wagons. On 18 February 1983, BREL announced that the works would close at the end of the year. Protest marches and spirited trade union resistance failed to alter the decision and at 1{{nbsp}}pm on Friday, 23 December 1983 Horwich Works closed after 97{{nbsp}}years. The town went through a period of high unemployment afterward, {{sfn|Smith|1988|p=?}}{{sfn|Smith|1999|p=?}}<ref name=railwaytowncountry/><ref name=railwayworkshops/> The freehold of the railway works site was transferred from British Rail to Bolton Council in the mid-1990s.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]A proposal to demolish the works and build 1,700 homes and a school was submitted to [[Bolton Council]] in early 2010.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news...rks_may_become_housing_estate/|title=Historic Loco Works May become housing estate|work=The Bolton News|date=20 January 2010|publisher=Newsquest Media Group}}</ref> The initial phase of the development commenced in 2019.<ref name="rivington_chase">{{cite web |last1=Vesty |first1=Helena |title=What the Β£262m Rivington Chase development looks like now |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/new...gton-chase-development-scheme-looks-like-now/ |website=Bolton News |date=4 April 2019 |access-date=11 September 2019}}</ref>[/td]
[td]A proposal to demolish the works and build 1,700 homes and a school was submitted to [[Bolton Council]] in early 2010.<ref>{{citation|url=http://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/news...rks_may_become_housing_estate/|title=Historic Loco Works May become housing estate|work=The Bolton News|date=20 January 2010|publisher=Newsquest Media Group}}</ref> The initial phase of the development commenced in 2019.<ref name="rivington_chase">{{cite web |last1=Vesty |first1=Helena |title=What the Β£262m Rivington Chase development looks like now |url=https://www.theboltonnews.co.uk/new...gton-chase-development-scheme-looks-like-now/ |website=Bolton News |date=4 April 2019 |access-date=11 September 2019}}</ref>[/td]
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