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[td][[File:Thesprotia's costume.jpg|thumb|160px|Traditional dress from Agioi Pantes, Filiates municipality ([[Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation|PFF]]'s collection).]][/td] [td]In 15th century Filiates came under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule and became part of [[Sanjak of Ioannina]].<ref>{{cite book|last=H. Karpat|first=Kemal|title=Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics|year=1985|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yhgEAQAAIAAJ&q="Yanya+Central+Kaza"|access-date=22 September 2011|page=146|isbn=9780299091606}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Motika|first=Raoul|title=Türkische Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte (1071-1920)|year=1995|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5BQ0AQAAIAAJ&q=pogon+permedi+Koniçe|access-date=22 September 2011|page=297|isbn=9783447036832|quote=Sancaks Yanya (Kazas: Yanya, Aydonat (Paramythia), Filat (Philiates), Meçova (Metsovo), Leskovik (war kurzzeitig Sancak) und Koniçe (Konitsa)}}</ref> During 17th and 18th century [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman rule]] a significant part of the town's population converted to [[Islam]].<ref>[[Kemal Karpat]] (1985), [https://kupdf.net/downloadFile/59e4a7b908bbc56144e653d7 Ottoman Population, 1830-1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics], [[The University of Wisconsin Press]], p. 146-147</ref> According to [[Panagiotis Aravantinos]] (1856), who visited the region, there were 200 Muslim and 30 Christian families in Filiates.<ref>Αραβαντίνος, Παναγιώτης. (1856) ''[https://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/metadata/f/a/9/metadata-01-0000372.tkl Χρονογραφία της Ηπείρου: των τε ομόρων ελληνικών και ιλλυρικών χωρών διατρέχουσα κατά σειράν τα εν αυταίς συμβάντα από του σωτηρίου έτους μέχρι του 1854]''. p. 320</ref> Vassilis Zotos (1878), reported that there were about 500 Muslim families and 100 Christian families in Filiates with a total population of 4,000 people (3,000 Muslims and 1,000 Christians).<ref>Ζώτος, Βασίλης (1878) ''[https://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/metadata/b/4/3/metadata-86-0000003.tkl Ηπειρωτικαί Μελέται, Δρομολόγιον της Ελληνικής Χερσονήσου αρχαιολογικόν, ιστορικόν, γεωγραφικόν στρατιωτικόν, στατιστικόν και εμπορικόν]'', p. 30</ref>[/td]
[td]In 15th century Filiates came under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule and became part of [[Sanjak of Ioannina]].<ref>{{cite book|last=H. Karpat|first=Kemal|title=Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics|year=1985|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yhgEAQAAIAAJ&q="Yanya+Central+Kaza"|access-date=22 September 2011|page=146|isbn=9780299091606}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Motika|first=Raoul|title=Türkische Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte (1071-1920)|year=1995|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5BQ0AQAAIAAJ&q=pogon+permedi+Koniçe|access-date=22 September 2011|page=297|isbn=9783447036832|quote=Sancaks Yanya (Kazas: Yanya, Aydonat (Paramythia), Filat (Philiates), Meçova (Metsovo), Leskovik (war kurzzeitig Sancak) und Koniçe (Konitsa)}}</ref> During 17th and 18th century [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman rule]] a significant part of the town's population converted to [[Islam]].<ref>[[Kemal Karpat]] (1985), [https://kupdf.net/downloadFile/59e4a7b908bbc56144e653d7 Ottoman Population, 1830-1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics], [[The University of Wisconsin Press]], p. 146-147</ref> According to [[Panagiotis Aravantinos]] (1856), who visited the region, there were 200 Muslim and 30 Christian families in Filiates.<ref>Αραβαντίνος, Παναγιώτης. (1856) ''[https://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/metadata/f/a/9/metadata-01-0000372.tkl Χρονογραφία της Ηπείρου: των τε ομόρων ελληνικών και ιλλυρικών χωρών διατρέχουσα κατά σειράν τα εν αυταίς συμβάντα από του σωτηρίου έτους μέχρι του 1854]''. p. 320</ref> Vassilis Zotos (1878), reported that there were about 500 Muslim families and 100 Christian families in Filiates with a total population of 4,000 people (3,000 Muslims and 1,000 Christians).<ref>Ζώτος, Βασίλης (1878) ''[https://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/metadata/b/4/3/metadata-86-0000003.tkl Ηπειρωτικαί Μελέται, Δρομολόγιον της Ελληνικής Χερσονήσου αρχαιολογικόν, ιστορικόν, γεωγραφικόν στρατιωτικόν, στατιστικόν και εμπορικόν]'', p. 30</ref>[/td] [td][/td] [td]During the suppression of the [[Epirus revolt of 1854|Greek revolt of 1854]] in Epirus by the Ottoman authorities armed groups of [[Cham Albanians]] inflicted extensive damage to the town.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vakalopoulos |first1=Kōnstantinos Apostolou |title=Historia tēs Ēpeirou: apo tis arches tēs Othōmanokratias hōs tis meres mas |date=2003 |publisher=Hērodotos |isbn=978-960-7290-97-7 |page=373 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6s05AAAAMAAJ |language=el |quote="Η τρομοκρατία των Τσάμηδων κατά την εποχή εκείνη ξεπέρασε κάθε προηγούμενο μέχρι τα τέλη Μαρτίου του 1854. Η Παραμυθιά, η Πάργα, οι Φιλιάτες υπέστησαν μεγάλες καταστροφές. Στα χωριά Φοινίκη, Φανερωμένη, Σίδερη, Γηρομέρι, Κοκκινίτσα, Γούλα και Παλαιοχώρι κατασφάχθηκαν άντρες και γυναικόπαιδα και το μοναστήρι της Βέλλιανης Παραμυθιάς καταστράφηκε σε πολύ μεγάλο βαθμό.}}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]In 1907, [[Qamil Çami]] also starting working as a teacher and teaching written [[Albanian language|Albanian]] secretly. On August 25, 1908, along with other [[rilindas]] opened the first Albanian-language school of Filiates and became its headmaster.<ref name="naska"/><ref name="demi"/> The funds were provided by the people of Filiates, such as [[Musa Demi]], [[rilindas]] of the area and by other notable Cham Albanians like [[Rasih Dino]], son of [[Abedin Dino]].<ref name="naska">{{cite book|last=Naska|first=Kaliopi|others=General Directorate of Archives|title=Dokumente për Çamërinë: 1912-1939|publisher=Dituria|year=1999|pages=661–91|isbn=99927-31-69-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2P-4AAAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref name="demi">{{cite book|last=Isufi|first=Hajredin|title=Musa Demi dhe qëndresa çame: 1800-1947|publisher=Botimet Dudaj|year=2002|pages=200–210|isbn=99927-50-10-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pWvZAAAACAAJ}}</ref>[/td]
[td]In 1907, [[Qamil Çami]] also starting working as a teacher and teaching written [[Albanian language|Albanian]] secretly. On August 25, 1908, along with other [[rilindas]] opened the first Albanian-language school of Filiates and became its headmaster.<ref name="naska"/><ref name="demi"/> The funds were provided by the people of Filiates, such as [[Musa Demi]], [[rilindas]] of the area and by other notable Cham Albanians like [[Rasih Dino]], son of [[Abedin Dino]].<ref name="naska">{{cite book|last=Naska|first=Kaliopi|others=General Directorate of Archives|title=Dokumente për Çamërinë: 1912-1939|publisher=Dituria|year=1999|pages=661–91|isbn=99927-31-69-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2P-4AAAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref name="demi">{{cite book|last=Isufi|first=Hajredin|title=Musa Demi dhe qëndresa çame: 1800-1947|publisher=Botimet Dudaj|year=2002|pages=200–210|isbn=99927-50-10-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pWvZAAAACAAJ}}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]In 1911 during the period of the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Albanians of Filiates formed ''çetes'', armed guerilla groups fighting for autonomy from the Ottoman Empire.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gawrych|first= George|title=The crescent and the eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913 |publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2006|page=188|isbn=1-84511-287-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wPOtzk-unJgC}}</ref> On the other hand, the local Greek population displayed tolerance towards actions by the Albanians that didn't reveal chauvinist inclinations.<ref>M. V. Sakellariou.[https://books.google.com/books?id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ&q=Philiates+Tepeleni ''Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization.''] [http://www.add.gr/comp/ekdotiki/ Ekdotike Athenon] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614041313/http://www.add.gr/comp/ekdotiki/ |date=2010-06-14 }}, 1997. {{ISBN|960-213-371-6}}. p 361: "The Greek population displayed toleration whenever the action taken did not reveal chauvinist inclinations, as in the case of establishment of Albanian "clubs" (in Konitsa, Philiates...".</ref>[/td]
[td]In 1911 during the period of the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Albanians of Filiates formed ''çetes'', armed guerilla groups fighting for autonomy from the Ottoman Empire.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gawrych|first= George|title=The crescent and the eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913 |publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2006|page=188|isbn=1-84511-287-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wPOtzk-unJgC}}</ref>[/td] [td][/td] [td]Population movements to the town that occurred from the middle of the 19th century weakened the Muslim elite and led to the gradual Hellenization of former Albanian-majority towns in the area such as Filiates in the 1920s.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tsoutsoumpis|first1=Spiros|title=Violence, resistance and collaboration in a Greek borderland: the case of the Muslim Chams of Epirus "Qualestoria" n. 2, dicembre 2015|journal=Qualestoria|date=2015|volume=2|pages=24–25|url=https://www.academia.edu/24269752|access-date=16 January 2018|language=en|quote=Until the early 20th century, economic strength lay in the hands of the Muslim landowner class, many of whom were engaged in commerce and usury. This situation had been changing gradually since the mid-19th century as small numbers of individuals and later families from the province of Ioannina, settled in the principal towns of the region establishing business. By the 1920s, they were joined by local men who slowly came to constitute an elite that threatened to wrest economic control from the Muslim notables. The presence of these men led to a gradual Hellenization of formerly Albanian-majority towns, like Margariti and Filiates that was viewed with disdain by the Muslim peasantry}}</ref> During the interwar period, Filiates was mainly an Albanian-speaking small town that after 1939 increasingly became Greek-speaking.<ref name="Hammond2783">{{cite book|last=Hammond|first=Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière|title=Epirus: the Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas|year=1967|location=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gI5QjgEACAAJ&q=The+market+towns+of+Filiates+and+Paramythia+were+mainly+Albanian|isbn= 9780198142539|pages=27}} "The market towns of Filiates and Paramythia were mainly Albanian in speech before 1939, but Greek speech was beginning to flow back to them."; p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=gI5QjgEACAAJ&q=The+capital+of+the+area+is+Filiates%2C+a+small+Albanian+speaking+town. 83]. The capital of the area is Filiates, a small Albanian speaking town."</ref> In 1930, a Cham Albanian committee from Filiates requested to the Greek government for the use of Albanian in public schools, for its use to be allowed among students and for the right to open private schools in Filiates. The inhabitants of Filiates then went on and submitted their petition to the [[League of Nations]] without success.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tsitselikis |first1=Konstantinos |title=Old and New Islam in Greece: From Historical Minorities to Immigrant Newcomers |date=2012 |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |isbn=978-9004221529 |page=442 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FdqRdctzEXcC&pg=PA442 |quote= (..) complaints filed by a committee of Chams of Filiates. The latter claimed that Albanian should be taught in public schools, and called for the free use of the Albanian language among students. Furthermore, they asked for permission to open private schools in Filiates and other villages. (..) The complaints of the inhabitants of Filiates ended up in a petition to the League of Nation, without success once more.}}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]Population movements to the town that occurred from the middle of the 19th century weakened the Muslim elite and led to the gradual Hellenization of former Albanian-majority towns in the area such as Filiates in the 1920s.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tsoutsoumpis|first1=Spiros|title=Violence, resistance and collaboration in a Greek borderland: the case of the Muslim Chams of Epirus "Qualestoria" n. 2, dicembre 2015|journal=Qualestoria|date=2015|volume=2|pages=24–25|url=https://www.academia.edu/24269752|access-date=16 January 2018|language=en|quote=Until the early 20th century, economic strength lay in the hands of the Muslim landowner class, many of whom were engaged in commerce and usury. This situation had been changing gradually since the mid-19th century as small numbers of individuals and later families from the province of Ioannina, settled in the principal towns of the region establishing business. By the 1920s, they were joined by local men who slowly came to constitute an elite that threatened to wrest economic control from the Muslim notables. The presence of these men led to a gradual Hellenization of formerly Albanian-majority towns, like Margariti and Filiates that was viewed with disdain by the Muslim peasantry}}</ref> Up until the interwar period, Filiates was mainly an Albanian-speaking small town.<ref name="Hammond2783">{{Cite journal |last=Vickers |first=Miranda |title=The Cham Issue - Where to Now |url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/38640/2007_Jan.pdf |journal=Conflict Studies Research Centre |volume=Balkan Series}}</ref> In 1930, a Cham Albanian committee from Filiates requested to the Greek government for the use of Albanian in public schools, for its use to be allowed among students and for the right to open private schools in Filiates. The inhabitants of Filiates then went on and submitted their petition to the [[League of Nations]] without success.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tsitselikis |first1=Konstantinos |title=Old and New Islam in Greece: From Historical Minorities to Immigrant Newcomers |date=2012 |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |isbn=978-9004221529 |page=442 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FdqRdctzEXcC&pg=PA442 |quote= (..) complaints filed by a committee of Chams of Filiates. The latter claimed that Albanian should be taught in public schools, and called for the free use of the Albanian language among students. Furthermore, they asked for permission to open private schools in Filiates and other villages. (..) The complaints of the inhabitants of Filiates ended up in a petition to the League of Nation, without success once more.}}</ref>[/td] [td]In 1928, representatives from the Cham Albanian communities in Paramythia, Karvounari and Filiates, requested the opening of two Muslim schools which they would fund themselves. The Greek authorities officially rejected the request, fearing that these Muslim schools would serve Albanian state propaganda by promoting an anti-Greek sentiment among the Chams of Greece. Regardless, the Greek government allowed their operation unofficially because it could close them as illegal at any time, and could also claim that their function fulfilled demands for Albanian schools in [[Chameria]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fortna |first1=Benjamin |last2=Katsikas |first2=Stefanos |last3=Kamouzis |first3=Dimitris |last4=Konortas |first4=Paraskevas |title=State-Nationalisms in the Ottoman Empire, Greece and Turkey: Orthodox and Muslims, 1830-1945 |date=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1136220524 |page=161 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AwzO6MNO8nwC&pg=PA161 }}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]In 1928, representatives from the Cham Albanian communities in Paramythia, Karvounari and Filiates, requested the opening of two Muslim schools which they would fund themselves. The Greek authorities officially rejected the request, fearing that these Muslim schools would serve legitimize Albanian Cham population and weaken Greek influence over Epirus. Regardless, such schools were run privately and in secret until the 1930s when Cham Albanians were forcibly removed from their homes under the direction of Greek dictator [[Ioannis Metaxas]].<ref name="Hammond2783" />[/td] [td]During the [[Greek-Italian War]] the town of Filiates was burned by [[Axis-Cham Albanian collaboration|collaborationist Cham Albanian bands]] (October 28-November 14, 1940).<ref>Georgia Kretsi. [https://books.google.com/books?id=VZVLxO37_vQC&q="(Paramithia,+Filiati+und+andere)"&pg=PA284 Verfolgungund Gedächtnis in Albanien: eine Analyse postsozialistischer Erinnerungsstrategien]. Harrassowitz, 2007. {{ISBN|978-3-447-05544-4}}, p.283.</ref> Filiates region was until 1944, home to a Cham Albanian community. Almost the entire population of them fled during the liberation of Greece, because a large part of the community [[Axis-Cham Albanian collaboration|collaborated with Nazi forces]].<ref>{{cite journal | last = Kretsi| first = Georgia | year = 2002 | title = The Secret Past of the Greek-Albanian Borderlands. Cham Muslim Albanians: Perspectives on a Conflict over Historical Accountability and Current Rights | journal = Ethnologia Balkanica | issue = 6/2002 | pages =171–195 | url =http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/issuedeta...rticleId=26cecc06-5ff1-44ed-956d-2a52d572b54a }}</ref> In September 1944, during the Axis withdrawal, the EDES resistance managed to quickly overcome the remaining Cham collaborator units stationed in the town. After the initial chaos and destruction that lasted for five days, the town's Cham community [[Expulsion of Cham Albanians|fled to Albania]]. The Cham leaders had managed to retreat together with the German troops.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Manta|first1=Eleftheria|date=2009|title=The Cams of Albania and the Greek State (1923 - 1945)|journal=Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs|volume=4|issue=9|url=https://www.academia.edu/7570145|access-date=2 February 2016|page=10|quote= On the 21st of September the German forces started to withdraw... destruction prevailed in the city.}}</ref> Almost all Cham Albanian monuments of Filiates were destroyed during World War II.<ref name="Kiel1990">{{cite book|last=Kiel|first=Machiel|title=Ottoman architecture in Albania, 1385-1912|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2xYzAAAAIAAJ&q=Aydonat+|access-date=1 November 2010|year=1990|publisher=Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture|isbn=978-92-9063-330-3|page=3}}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]==Population==[/td]
[td]==Population==[/td]
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[td][[File:Thesprotia's costume.jpg|thumb|160px|Traditional dress from Agioi Pantes, Filiates municipality ([[Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation|PFF]]'s collection).]][/td]Revision as of 01:31, 3 September 2025
[/td][td][[File:Thesprotia's costume.jpg|thumb|160px|Traditional dress from Agioi Pantes, Filiates municipality ([[Peloponnesian Folklore Foundation|PFF]]'s collection).]][/td] [td]In 15th century Filiates came under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule and became part of [[Sanjak of Ioannina]].<ref>{{cite book|last=H. Karpat|first=Kemal|title=Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics|year=1985|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yhgEAQAAIAAJ&q="Yanya+Central+Kaza"|access-date=22 September 2011|page=146|isbn=9780299091606}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Motika|first=Raoul|title=Türkische Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte (1071-1920)|year=1995|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5BQ0AQAAIAAJ&q=pogon+permedi+Koniçe|access-date=22 September 2011|page=297|isbn=9783447036832|quote=Sancaks Yanya (Kazas: Yanya, Aydonat (Paramythia), Filat (Philiates), Meçova (Metsovo), Leskovik (war kurzzeitig Sancak) und Koniçe (Konitsa)}}</ref> During 17th and 18th century [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman rule]] a significant part of the town's population converted to [[Islam]].<ref>[[Kemal Karpat]] (1985), [https://kupdf.net/downloadFile/59e4a7b908bbc56144e653d7 Ottoman Population, 1830-1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics], [[The University of Wisconsin Press]], p. 146-147</ref> According to [[Panagiotis Aravantinos]] (1856), who visited the region, there were 200 Muslim and 30 Christian families in Filiates.<ref>Αραβαντίνος, Παναγιώτης. (1856) ''[https://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/metadata/f/a/9/metadata-01-0000372.tkl Χρονογραφία της Ηπείρου: των τε ομόρων ελληνικών και ιλλυρικών χωρών διατρέχουσα κατά σειράν τα εν αυταίς συμβάντα από του σωτηρίου έτους μέχρι του 1854]''. p. 320</ref> Vassilis Zotos (1878), reported that there were about 500 Muslim families and 100 Christian families in Filiates with a total population of 4,000 people (3,000 Muslims and 1,000 Christians).<ref>Ζώτος, Βασίλης (1878) ''[https://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/metadata/b/4/3/metadata-86-0000003.tkl Ηπειρωτικαί Μελέται, Δρομολόγιον της Ελληνικής Χερσονήσου αρχαιολογικόν, ιστορικόν, γεωγραφικόν στρατιωτικόν, στατιστικόν και εμπορικόν]'', p. 30</ref>[/td]
[td]In 15th century Filiates came under [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman]] rule and became part of [[Sanjak of Ioannina]].<ref>{{cite book|last=H. Karpat|first=Kemal|title=Ottoman population, 1830-1914: demographic and social characteristics|year=1985|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yhgEAQAAIAAJ&q="Yanya+Central+Kaza"|access-date=22 September 2011|page=146|isbn=9780299091606}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Motika|first=Raoul|title=Türkische Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte (1071-1920)|year=1995|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5BQ0AQAAIAAJ&q=pogon+permedi+Koniçe|access-date=22 September 2011|page=297|isbn=9783447036832|quote=Sancaks Yanya (Kazas: Yanya, Aydonat (Paramythia), Filat (Philiates), Meçova (Metsovo), Leskovik (war kurzzeitig Sancak) und Koniçe (Konitsa)}}</ref> During 17th and 18th century [[Ottoman Empire|Ottoman rule]] a significant part of the town's population converted to [[Islam]].<ref>[[Kemal Karpat]] (1985), [https://kupdf.net/downloadFile/59e4a7b908bbc56144e653d7 Ottoman Population, 1830-1914, Demographic and Social Characteristics], [[The University of Wisconsin Press]], p. 146-147</ref> According to [[Panagiotis Aravantinos]] (1856), who visited the region, there were 200 Muslim and 30 Christian families in Filiates.<ref>Αραβαντίνος, Παναγιώτης. (1856) ''[https://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/metadata/f/a/9/metadata-01-0000372.tkl Χρονογραφία της Ηπείρου: των τε ομόρων ελληνικών και ιλλυρικών χωρών διατρέχουσα κατά σειράν τα εν αυταίς συμβάντα από του σωτηρίου έτους μέχρι του 1854]''. p. 320</ref> Vassilis Zotos (1878), reported that there were about 500 Muslim families and 100 Christian families in Filiates with a total population of 4,000 people (3,000 Muslims and 1,000 Christians).<ref>Ζώτος, Βασίλης (1878) ''[https://anemi.lib.uoc.gr/metadata/b/4/3/metadata-86-0000003.tkl Ηπειρωτικαί Μελέται, Δρομολόγιον της Ελληνικής Χερσονήσου αρχαιολογικόν, ιστορικόν, γεωγραφικόν στρατιωτικόν, στατιστικόν και εμπορικόν]'', p. 30</ref>[/td] [td][/td] [td]During the suppression of the [[Epirus revolt of 1854|Greek revolt of 1854]] in Epirus by the Ottoman authorities armed groups of [[Cham Albanians]] inflicted extensive damage to the town.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Vakalopoulos |first1=Kōnstantinos Apostolou |title=Historia tēs Ēpeirou: apo tis arches tēs Othōmanokratias hōs tis meres mas |date=2003 |publisher=Hērodotos |isbn=978-960-7290-97-7 |page=373 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6s05AAAAMAAJ |language=el |quote="Η τρομοκρατία των Τσάμηδων κατά την εποχή εκείνη ξεπέρασε κάθε προηγούμενο μέχρι τα τέλη Μαρτίου του 1854. Η Παραμυθιά, η Πάργα, οι Φιλιάτες υπέστησαν μεγάλες καταστροφές. Στα χωριά Φοινίκη, Φανερωμένη, Σίδερη, Γηρομέρι, Κοκκινίτσα, Γούλα και Παλαιοχώρι κατασφάχθηκαν άντρες και γυναικόπαιδα και το μοναστήρι της Βέλλιανης Παραμυθιάς καταστράφηκε σε πολύ μεγάλο βαθμό.}}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]In 1907, [[Qamil Çami]] also starting working as a teacher and teaching written [[Albanian language|Albanian]] secretly. On August 25, 1908, along with other [[rilindas]] opened the first Albanian-language school of Filiates and became its headmaster.<ref name="naska"/><ref name="demi"/> The funds were provided by the people of Filiates, such as [[Musa Demi]], [[rilindas]] of the area and by other notable Cham Albanians like [[Rasih Dino]], son of [[Abedin Dino]].<ref name="naska">{{cite book|last=Naska|first=Kaliopi|others=General Directorate of Archives|title=Dokumente për Çamërinë: 1912-1939|publisher=Dituria|year=1999|pages=661–91|isbn=99927-31-69-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2P-4AAAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref name="demi">{{cite book|last=Isufi|first=Hajredin|title=Musa Demi dhe qëndresa çame: 1800-1947|publisher=Botimet Dudaj|year=2002|pages=200–210|isbn=99927-50-10-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pWvZAAAACAAJ}}</ref>[/td]
[td]In 1907, [[Qamil Çami]] also starting working as a teacher and teaching written [[Albanian language|Albanian]] secretly. On August 25, 1908, along with other [[rilindas]] opened the first Albanian-language school of Filiates and became its headmaster.<ref name="naska"/><ref name="demi"/> The funds were provided by the people of Filiates, such as [[Musa Demi]], [[rilindas]] of the area and by other notable Cham Albanians like [[Rasih Dino]], son of [[Abedin Dino]].<ref name="naska">{{cite book|last=Naska|first=Kaliopi|others=General Directorate of Archives|title=Dokumente për Çamërinë: 1912-1939|publisher=Dituria|year=1999|pages=661–91|isbn=99927-31-69-9|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2P-4AAAAIAAJ}}</ref><ref name="demi">{{cite book|last=Isufi|first=Hajredin|title=Musa Demi dhe qëndresa çame: 1800-1947|publisher=Botimet Dudaj|year=2002|pages=200–210|isbn=99927-50-10-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=pWvZAAAACAAJ}}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]In 1911 during the period of the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Albanians of Filiates formed ''çetes'', armed guerilla groups fighting for autonomy from the Ottoman Empire.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gawrych|first= George|title=The crescent and the eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913 |publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2006|page=188|isbn=1-84511-287-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wPOtzk-unJgC}}</ref> On the other hand, the local Greek population displayed tolerance towards actions by the Albanians that didn't reveal chauvinist inclinations.<ref>M. V. Sakellariou.[https://books.google.com/books?id=UV1oAAAAMAAJ&q=Philiates+Tepeleni ''Epirus, 4000 years of Greek history and civilization.''] [http://www.add.gr/comp/ekdotiki/ Ekdotike Athenon] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614041313/http://www.add.gr/comp/ekdotiki/ |date=2010-06-14 }}, 1997. {{ISBN|960-213-371-6}}. p 361: "The Greek population displayed toleration whenever the action taken did not reveal chauvinist inclinations, as in the case of establishment of Albanian "clubs" (in Konitsa, Philiates...".</ref>[/td]
[td]In 1911 during the period of the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, Albanians of Filiates formed ''çetes'', armed guerilla groups fighting for autonomy from the Ottoman Empire.<ref>{{cite book|last=Gawrych|first= George|title=The crescent and the eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians, 1874-1913 |publisher=I.B.Tauris|year=2006|page=188|isbn=1-84511-287-3|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=wPOtzk-unJgC}}</ref>[/td] [td][/td] [td]Population movements to the town that occurred from the middle of the 19th century weakened the Muslim elite and led to the gradual Hellenization of former Albanian-majority towns in the area such as Filiates in the 1920s.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tsoutsoumpis|first1=Spiros|title=Violence, resistance and collaboration in a Greek borderland: the case of the Muslim Chams of Epirus "Qualestoria" n. 2, dicembre 2015|journal=Qualestoria|date=2015|volume=2|pages=24–25|url=https://www.academia.edu/24269752|access-date=16 January 2018|language=en|quote=Until the early 20th century, economic strength lay in the hands of the Muslim landowner class, many of whom were engaged in commerce and usury. This situation had been changing gradually since the mid-19th century as small numbers of individuals and later families from the province of Ioannina, settled in the principal towns of the region establishing business. By the 1920s, they were joined by local men who slowly came to constitute an elite that threatened to wrest economic control from the Muslim notables. The presence of these men led to a gradual Hellenization of formerly Albanian-majority towns, like Margariti and Filiates that was viewed with disdain by the Muslim peasantry}}</ref> During the interwar period, Filiates was mainly an Albanian-speaking small town that after 1939 increasingly became Greek-speaking.<ref name="Hammond2783">{{cite book|last=Hammond|first=Nicholas Geoffrey Lemprière|title=Epirus: the Geography, the Ancient Remains, the History and Topography of Epirus and Adjacent Areas|year=1967|location=Oxford|publisher=Clarendon Press|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=gI5QjgEACAAJ&q=The+market+towns+of+Filiates+and+Paramythia+were+mainly+Albanian|isbn= 9780198142539|pages=27}} "The market towns of Filiates and Paramythia were mainly Albanian in speech before 1939, but Greek speech was beginning to flow back to them."; p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=gI5QjgEACAAJ&q=The+capital+of+the+area+is+Filiates%2C+a+small+Albanian+speaking+town. 83]. The capital of the area is Filiates, a small Albanian speaking town."</ref> In 1930, a Cham Albanian committee from Filiates requested to the Greek government for the use of Albanian in public schools, for its use to be allowed among students and for the right to open private schools in Filiates. The inhabitants of Filiates then went on and submitted their petition to the [[League of Nations]] without success.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tsitselikis |first1=Konstantinos |title=Old and New Islam in Greece: From Historical Minorities to Immigrant Newcomers |date=2012 |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |isbn=978-9004221529 |page=442 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FdqRdctzEXcC&pg=PA442 |quote= (..) complaints filed by a committee of Chams of Filiates. The latter claimed that Albanian should be taught in public schools, and called for the free use of the Albanian language among students. Furthermore, they asked for permission to open private schools in Filiates and other villages. (..) The complaints of the inhabitants of Filiates ended up in a petition to the League of Nation, without success once more.}}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]Population movements to the town that occurred from the middle of the 19th century weakened the Muslim elite and led to the gradual Hellenization of former Albanian-majority towns in the area such as Filiates in the 1920s.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Tsoutsoumpis|first1=Spiros|title=Violence, resistance and collaboration in a Greek borderland: the case of the Muslim Chams of Epirus "Qualestoria" n. 2, dicembre 2015|journal=Qualestoria|date=2015|volume=2|pages=24–25|url=https://www.academia.edu/24269752|access-date=16 January 2018|language=en|quote=Until the early 20th century, economic strength lay in the hands of the Muslim landowner class, many of whom were engaged in commerce and usury. This situation had been changing gradually since the mid-19th century as small numbers of individuals and later families from the province of Ioannina, settled in the principal towns of the region establishing business. By the 1920s, they were joined by local men who slowly came to constitute an elite that threatened to wrest economic control from the Muslim notables. The presence of these men led to a gradual Hellenization of formerly Albanian-majority towns, like Margariti and Filiates that was viewed with disdain by the Muslim peasantry}}</ref> Up until the interwar period, Filiates was mainly an Albanian-speaking small town.<ref name="Hammond2783">{{Cite journal |last=Vickers |first=Miranda |title=The Cham Issue - Where to Now |url=https://www.files.ethz.ch/isn/38640/2007_Jan.pdf |journal=Conflict Studies Research Centre |volume=Balkan Series}}</ref> In 1930, a Cham Albanian committee from Filiates requested to the Greek government for the use of Albanian in public schools, for its use to be allowed among students and for the right to open private schools in Filiates. The inhabitants of Filiates then went on and submitted their petition to the [[League of Nations]] without success.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Tsitselikis |first1=Konstantinos |title=Old and New Islam in Greece: From Historical Minorities to Immigrant Newcomers |date=2012 |publisher=Martinus Nijhoff Publishers |isbn=978-9004221529 |page=442 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FdqRdctzEXcC&pg=PA442 |quote= (..) complaints filed by a committee of Chams of Filiates. The latter claimed that Albanian should be taught in public schools, and called for the free use of the Albanian language among students. Furthermore, they asked for permission to open private schools in Filiates and other villages. (..) The complaints of the inhabitants of Filiates ended up in a petition to the League of Nation, without success once more.}}</ref>[/td] [td]In 1928, representatives from the Cham Albanian communities in Paramythia, Karvounari and Filiates, requested the opening of two Muslim schools which they would fund themselves. The Greek authorities officially rejected the request, fearing that these Muslim schools would serve Albanian state propaganda by promoting an anti-Greek sentiment among the Chams of Greece. Regardless, the Greek government allowed their operation unofficially because it could close them as illegal at any time, and could also claim that their function fulfilled demands for Albanian schools in [[Chameria]].<ref>{{cite book |last1=Fortna |first1=Benjamin |last2=Katsikas |first2=Stefanos |last3=Kamouzis |first3=Dimitris |last4=Konortas |first4=Paraskevas |title=State-Nationalisms in the Ottoman Empire, Greece and Turkey: Orthodox and Muslims, 1830-1945 |date=2012 |publisher=Routledge |isbn=978-1136220524 |page=161 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=AwzO6MNO8nwC&pg=PA161 }}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]In 1928, representatives from the Cham Albanian communities in Paramythia, Karvounari and Filiates, requested the opening of two Muslim schools which they would fund themselves. The Greek authorities officially rejected the request, fearing that these Muslim schools would serve legitimize Albanian Cham population and weaken Greek influence over Epirus. Regardless, such schools were run privately and in secret until the 1930s when Cham Albanians were forcibly removed from their homes under the direction of Greek dictator [[Ioannis Metaxas]].<ref name="Hammond2783" />[/td] [td]During the [[Greek-Italian War]] the town of Filiates was burned by [[Axis-Cham Albanian collaboration|collaborationist Cham Albanian bands]] (October 28-November 14, 1940).<ref>Georgia Kretsi. [https://books.google.com/books?id=VZVLxO37_vQC&q="(Paramithia,+Filiati+und+andere)"&pg=PA284 Verfolgungund Gedächtnis in Albanien: eine Analyse postsozialistischer Erinnerungsstrategien]. Harrassowitz, 2007. {{ISBN|978-3-447-05544-4}}, p.283.</ref> Filiates region was until 1944, home to a Cham Albanian community. Almost the entire population of them fled during the liberation of Greece, because a large part of the community [[Axis-Cham Albanian collaboration|collaborated with Nazi forces]].<ref>{{cite journal | last = Kretsi| first = Georgia | year = 2002 | title = The Secret Past of the Greek-Albanian Borderlands. Cham Muslim Albanians: Perspectives on a Conflict over Historical Accountability and Current Rights | journal = Ethnologia Balkanica | issue = 6/2002 | pages =171–195 | url =http://www.ceeol.com/aspx/issuedeta...rticleId=26cecc06-5ff1-44ed-956d-2a52d572b54a }}</ref> In September 1944, during the Axis withdrawal, the EDES resistance managed to quickly overcome the remaining Cham collaborator units stationed in the town. After the initial chaos and destruction that lasted for five days, the town's Cham community [[Expulsion of Cham Albanians|fled to Albania]]. The Cham leaders had managed to retreat together with the German troops.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Manta|first1=Eleftheria|date=2009|title=The Cams of Albania and the Greek State (1923 - 1945)|journal=Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs|volume=4|issue=9|url=https://www.academia.edu/7570145|access-date=2 February 2016|page=10|quote= On the 21st of September the German forces started to withdraw... destruction prevailed in the city.}}</ref> Almost all Cham Albanian monuments of Filiates were destroyed during World War II.<ref name="Kiel1990">{{cite book|last=Kiel|first=Machiel|title=Ottoman architecture in Albania, 1385-1912|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2xYzAAAAIAAJ&q=Aydonat+|access-date=1 November 2010|year=1990|publisher=Research Centre for Islamic History, Art and Culture|isbn=978-92-9063-330-3|page=3}}</ref>[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]==Population==[/td]
[td]==Population==[/td]
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