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[td]{{Infobox artist[/td]Revision as of 01:23, 1 September 2025
[/td][td]{{Infobox artist[/td] [td]| name = Fernando M. Zóbel[/td]
[td]| name = Fernando M. Zóbel[/td] [td]| image =[/td]
[td]| image = Fernando Zobel at the Philippine Art Gallery in 1953.jpg[/td] [td]| image_size = 200px[/td]
[td]| image_size = 200px[/td] [td]| caption = Fernando Zóbel de Ayala y Montojo Torrontegui in 1966.[/td]
[td]| caption = Fernando Zóbel in 1953.[/td] [td]| birth_name = Fernando Zóbel y Montojo[/td]
[td]| birth_name = Fernando Zóbel de Ayala y Montojo Torrontegui[/td] [td]| birth_date = {{Birth date|1924|8|27}}[/td]
[td]| birth_date = {{Birth date|1924|8|27}}[/td] [td]| birth_place = [[Ermita, Manila]], [[Insular Government of the Philippine Islands|Philippine Islands]][/td]
[td]| birth_place = [[Ermita, Manila]], [[Insular Government of the Philippine Islands|Philippine Islands]][/td] [td]| death_date = {{Death date and age|1984|6|2|1924|8|27}}[/td]
[td]| death_date = {{Death date and age|1984|6|2|1924|8|27}}[/td] [td]| death_place = [[Rome]], Italy[/td]
[td]| death_place = [[Rome]], [[Italy]][/td] [td]| nationality = [[Filipino people|Filipino]] <br> [[Spanish people|Spanish]][/td]
[td]| nationality = [[Filipino people|Filipino]] <br> [[Spanish people|Spanish]][/td] [td]| known_for = Painting[/td]
[td]| known_for = Painting[/td] [td]Zóbel was born in [[Ermita, Manila]] in the [[Philippines]] to [[Enrique Zobel de Ayala|Enrique Zóbel de Ayala]] (1877–1943) and Fermina Montojo y Torrontegui and was a member of the prominent [[Zobel de Ayala family|Zóbel de Ayala family]]. He was a brother of Jacobo Zóbel (father of [[Enrique Zobel|Enrique J. Zóbel]]), Alfonso (father of [[Jaime Zobel de Ayala|Jaime Zóbel de Ayala]]) and Mercedes Zóbel McMicking, all children of his father from his first wife, Consuelo Róxas de Ayala (who died on September 25, 1907, at the age of 30). He was a nephew and namesake of Fernando Antonio Zóbel de Ayala, the eldest brother of his father.[/td]
[td]Zóbel was born in [[Ermita, Manila]] in the [[Philippines]] to [[Enrique Zobel de Ayala|Enrique Zóbel de Ayala]] (1877–1943) and Fermina Montojo y Torrontegui and was a member of the prominent [[Zobel de Ayala family|Zóbel de Ayala family]]. He was a brother of Jacobo Zóbel (father of [[Enrique Zobel|Enrique J. Zóbel]]), Alfonso (father of [[Jaime Zobel de Ayala|Jaime Zóbel de Ayala]]) and Mercedes Zóbel McMicking, all children of his father from his first wife, Consuelo Róxas de Ayala (who died on September 25, 1907, at the age of 30). He was a nephew and namesake of Fernando Antonio Zóbel de Ayala, the eldest brother of his father.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]Zóbel initially pursued [[Medical education|medical studies]] at the [[University of Santo Tomas]] in Manila. In 1942, he suffered from a [[Spinal cord injury|spinal condition]] that left him bedridden. During his recovery, he began [[Sketch (drawing)|sketching]] and studied under the Filipino painter [[Fernando Amorsolo]], whose works had been acquired by his father and who also acted as one of his patrons. Zóbel continued his studies at the University of Santo Tomas before transferring to [[Harvard University]] in 1946, where he pursued degrees in history and literature.<ref>Bond, W. H., and Palimpsest Press. 1951. ''Studies in Library Economy, in Honor of Fernando Zobel-Montojo.'' [Cambridge, Mass.]: Palimpsest Press.</ref> In 1949, he completed his undergraduate degree in Humanities in three years, graduating [[magna cum laude]] with a thesis on [[Federico García Lorca]]’s play ''[[The Love of Don Perlimplín and Belisa in the Garden]]''.[/td] [td]His father was a patron of [[Fernando Amorsolo]]. In gratitude, Amorsolo would teach the young Fernando on the rudiments of art.[/td] [td][/td] [td]Zóbel took up [[Medical education|medical studies]] at the [[University of Santo Tomas]] in Manila. In 1942, he had [[Spinal cord injury|spinal deficiency]] that forced him to become bedridden that year. To pass the time, he took up [[Sketch (drawing)|sketching]]. He studied at the [[University of Santo Tomas]] and then left for [[Harvard University]] in 1946 to take up degrees in history and literature. <ref>Bond, W. H., and Palimpsest Press. 1951. ''Studies in Library Economy, in Honor of Fernando Zobel-Montojo.'' [Cambridge, Mass.]: Palimpsest Press.</ref> He graduated in three years and wrote a thesis on the [[Federico García Lorca]] play ''[[The Love of Don Perlimplín and Belisa in the Garden]]''.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]==Boston-style works==[/td]
[td]==Boston-style works==[/td] [td]Zóbel started painting without formal training while in Harvard. In the fall of 1946 he met Jim Pfeufer and his wife [[Reed Champion|Reed Champion Pfeufer]]. Reed was a painter who was loosely connected with the [[Boston Expressionism|Boston School]], and she became a mentor to the young artist. Zóbel graduated in 1949 as [[magna cum laude]]. After finishing his [[bachelor's degree]] he briefly returned to Harvard to study law, and then worked as a curator at the [[Houghton Library]]. Zóbel's paintings from this era were representational, and often had an aspect of caricature.[/td]
[td]Zóbel started painting without formal training while in Harvard. In the fall of 1946 he met Jim Pfeufer and his wife [[Reed Champion|Reed Champion Pfeufer]]. Reed was a painter who was loosely connected with the [[Boston Expressionism|Boston School]], and she became a mentor to the young artist. After finishing his [[bachelor's degree]], he briefly returned to Harvard University to study law, and then worked as a curator at the [[Houghton Library]]. Zóbel's paintings from this era were representational, and often had an aspect of caricature.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]==Early work in Manila and the influence of Rothko==[/td]
[td]==Early work in Manila and the influence of Rothko==[/td] [td]Zóbel returned to the Philippines and became friends with contemporary Filipino modernist artists. As such, he collected modernist works and set up exhibits for them to be shown and noticed since modernist art was largely unappreciated. His first one-man exhibition was held at the Philippine Art Gallery in 1953. In 1954, he left Manila for six months, had a show at the Swetzoff Gallery in Boston and enrolled at the [[Rhode Island School of Design]] where he saw an exhibition by [[Mark Rothko]]. Rothko's paintings made an impression on Zobel that increased his interest in painting abstractly. When he returned to Manila, Zobel started in having interest in [[Chinese art|Chinese]] and [[Japanese art|Japanese]] art and took up [[calligraphy]] classes until 1960. During this time, he joined the faculty of the [[Ateneo de Manila University]] and later was given an honorary doctorate and was made honorary director of the [[Ateneo Art Gallery]] for his contribution in education and as patron of the arts. To make a name for himself as a full-time painter, he later resigned from his position in the [[Ayala Corporation]] and moved to Spain.[/td]
[td]Zóbel returned to the Philippines and became friends with contemporary Filipino modernist artists. As such, he collected modernist works and set up exhibits for them to be shown and noticed since modernist art was largely unappreciated. His first one-man exhibition was held at the Philippine Art Gallery in 1953. In 1954, he left Manila for six months, had a show at the Swetzoff Gallery in Boston and enrolled at the [[Rhode Island School of Design]] where he saw an exhibition by [[Mark Rothko]]. Rothko's paintings made an impression on Zobel that increased his interest in painting abstractly. When he returned to Manila, Zobel started in having interest in [[Chinese art|Chinese]] and [[Japanese art|Japanese]] art and took up [[calligraphy]] classes until 1960.[/td] [td]During this time, he joined the faculty of the [[Ateneo de Manila University]] and later was given an honorary doctorate and was made honorary director of the [[Ateneo Art Gallery]] for his contribution in education and as patron of the arts. In 1961, to make a name for himself as a full-time painter, he later resigned from his position in the [[Ayala Corporation]] and permanently moved to Spain.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]==''Saetas'' and ''Serie Negra'' series==[/td]
[td]==''Saetas'' and ''Serie Negra'' series==[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]=== Record prices at auction ===[/td]
[td]=== Record prices at auction ===[/td] [td]Since the 2010s, works by Zóbel have achieved record prices at auctions with the growth of the Philippine art market. On April 6, 2013, ''Hattecvm'', a work from 1949 previously in a European private collection was sold for a record of {{Philippine peso|43.460 million|link=yes}} ({{US$|1,056,082|link=yes}}) at a [[Sotheby's]] auction in Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/auction...temporary-southeast-asian-hk0457/lot.323.html |title=Lot 323: Fernando Zobel - Hattecvm |access-date=11 September 2021 |work=Sotheby's}}</ref> This was subsequently followed by a record price set on May 25, 2013, by ''Aracili'', a similar work from 1959 that sold for {{Philippine peso|37.467 million}} (US$900,773.20) at a [[Christie's]] auction in Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.christies.com/lot/lot-5689632 |title=Lot 14: Fernando Zobel - Aracili |access-date=11 September 2021 |work=[[Christie's]]}}</ref>[/td]
[td]Works by Zóbel have achieved record prices at auctions with the growth of the Philippine and Southeast Asian art market. On April 6, 2013, ''Hattecvm'', a work from 1949 previously in a European private collection was sold for a record of {{Philippine peso|43.460 million|link=yes}} ({{US$|1,056,082|link=yes}}) at a [[Sotheby's]] auction in Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/auction...temporary-southeast-asian-hk0457/lot.323.html |title=Lot 323: Fernando Zobel - Hattecvm |access-date=11 September 2021 |work=Sotheby's}}</ref> This was subsequently followed by a record price set on May 25, 2013, by ''Aracili'', a similar work from 1959 that sold for {{Philippine peso|37.467 million}} (US$900,773.20) at a [[Christie's]] auction in Hong Kong.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.christies.com/lot/lot-5689632 |title=Lot 14: Fernando Zobel - Aracili |access-date=11 September 2021 |work=[[Christie's]]}}</ref>[/td] [td]Since then, his works have consistently increased in prices at auction in the Philippines and overseas. In 2015, ''Seated Man (Nothing III)'', an early 1953 work by Zóbel in the collection of his longtime friends Jim and Reed Pfeufer was sold at the Leon Gallery auction in Manila for a record {{Philippine peso|30.368 million}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://leon-gallery.com/auctions/lot/The-Jim-and-Reed-Pfeufer-Auction-2015/46/29 |title=Fernando Zobel (1924-1984) - Seated Man (Nothing III) |access-date=6 August 2020 |work=Leon Gallery Fine Art and Antiques}}</ref>[/td]
[td]Since then, his works have consistently increased in prices at auction in the Philippines and overseas. In 2015, ''Seated Man (Nothing III)'', an early 1953 work by Zóbel in the collection of his longtime friends Jim and Reed Pfeufer was sold at the Leon Gallery auction in Manila for a record {{Philippine peso|30.368 million}}.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://leon-gallery.com/auctions/lot/The-Jim-and-Reed-Pfeufer-Auction-2015/46/29 |title=Fernando Zobel (1924-1984) - Seated Man (Nothing III) |access-date=6 August 2020 |work=Leon Gallery Fine Art and Antiques}}</ref>[/td]
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