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[td]===French succession===[/td] [td]{{main|Succession to the French throne}}[/td]
[td]{{main|Succession to the French throne}}[/td] [td]From the election of [[Hugh Capet]] in 987 until 1316, the French crown passed uninterrupted from father to son,{{sfn|Arnold-Baker|2015|p=1107}} providing, for the time, such unusual dynastic continuity that it has been called the "[[Capetian miracle]]".{{sfn|Adams|2023|p=96}} However, this was brought to an end by [[Louis X of France|Louis X]] dying in 1316 and leaving only a daughter, [[Joan II of Navarre|Joan]]. His queen, [[Clementia of Hungary|ClΓ©mence]], was pregnant with a posthumous son, [[John I of France|John]], but he died five days after birth.{{sfn|Hallam|2014|pp= 364-365}} This created an unprecedented situation as the question of female succession to the crown had never before needed to be considered.{{sfn|Bartlett|2020|p=146}} Louis's brother, [[Philip V of France|Philip]], acted quickly to seize power. He set Joan aside and had himself crowned king, becoming Philip V. He then called an assembly of magnates to ratify his accession, which met four weeks later in early 1317, and declared "a woman could not succeed to the crown of the kingdom of France."{{sfn|Bartlett|2020|p=147}} In 1322, Philip V died leaving only daughters and, consistent with the 1317 assembly's declaration, they were set aside by the magnates and his brother, [[Charles IV of France|Charles IV]] acceded to the throne.{{sfn|Arnold-Baker|2015|p=1107}}[/td]
[td]From the election of [[Hugh Capet]] in 987 until 1316, the French crown passed uninterrupted from father to son,{{sfn|Arnold-Baker|2015|p=1107}} providing, for the time, such unusual dynastic continuity that it has been called the "[[Capetian miracle]]".{{sfn|Adams|2023|p=96}} However, this was brought to an end by [[Louis X of France|Louis X]] dying in 1316 and leaving only a daughter, [[Joan II of Navarre|Joan]]. His queen, [[Clementia of Hungary|ClΓ©mence]], was pregnant with a posthumous son, [[John I of France|John]], but he died five days after birth.{{sfn|Hallam|2014|pp= 364-365}} This created an unprecedented situation as the question of female succession to the crown had never before needed to be considered.{{sfn|Bartlett|2020|p=146}} Louis's brother, [[Philip V of France|Philip]], acted quickly to seize power. He set Joan aside and had himself crowned king, becoming Philip V. He then called an assembly of magnates to ratify his accession, which met four weeks later in early 1317. Recognising political, it confirmed Philip as king but, in so doing, the assembly declared "a woman could not succeed to the crown of the kingdom of France."{{sfn|Bartlett|2020|p=147}} In 1322, Philip V died leaving only daughters and, consistent with the 1317 assembly's declaration, they were set aside by the magnates and his brother, [[Charles IV of France|Charles IV]] acceded to the throne.{{sfn|Arnold-Baker|2015|p=1107}}[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]From the 15th century, French writers began arguing that succession to the throne was, and always had been, governed by [[Salic law]], a 6th century [[Franks|Frankish]] legal code, which they claimed prohibited inheritance of the crown by or through a woman. They also claimed that the 1316 and 1322 successions were determined by the application of Salic law.{{sfn|Taylor|2006|pp=18-19}}{{sfn|Taylor|2001a|p=361}} However, Salic law had fallen into obscurity and disuse after the [[Carolingian era]] until it was rediscovered by a small group of scholars at the [[Abbey of St-Denis]] in the mid-14th century.{{sfn|Taylor|2001a|pp=358, 361}} There is no reliable evidence that Salic law played any part in the successions of 1316 or 1322 and the earliest known link made to it in connection with the succession to the throne is dated to a French treatise written around 1413.{{sfn|Taylor|2001a|p=359}}[/td]
[td]From the 15th century, French writers began arguing that succession to the throne was, and always had been, governed by [[Salic law]], a 6th century [[Franks|Frankish]] legal code, which they claimed prohibited inheritance of the crown by or through a woman. They also claimed that the 1316 and 1322 successions were determined by the application of Salic law.{{sfn|Taylor|2006|pp=18-19}}{{sfn|Taylor|2001a|p=361}} However, Salic law had fallen into obscurity and disuse after the [[Carolingian era]] until it was rediscovered by a small group of scholars at the [[Abbey of St-Denis]] in the mid-14th century.{{sfn|Taylor|2001a|pp=358, 361}} There is no reliable evidence that Salic law played any part in the successions of 1316 or 1322 and the earliest known link made to it in connection with the succession to the throne is dated to a French treatise written around 1413.{{sfn|Taylor|2001a|p=359}}[/td]
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[td]===French succession===[/td]Revision as of 06:19, 5 September 2025
[/td][td]===French succession===[/td] [td]{{main|Succession to the French throne}}[/td]
[td]{{main|Succession to the French throne}}[/td] [td]From the election of [[Hugh Capet]] in 987 until 1316, the French crown passed uninterrupted from father to son,{{sfn|Arnold-Baker|2015|p=1107}} providing, for the time, such unusual dynastic continuity that it has been called the "[[Capetian miracle]]".{{sfn|Adams|2023|p=96}} However, this was brought to an end by [[Louis X of France|Louis X]] dying in 1316 and leaving only a daughter, [[Joan II of Navarre|Joan]]. His queen, [[Clementia of Hungary|ClΓ©mence]], was pregnant with a posthumous son, [[John I of France|John]], but he died five days after birth.{{sfn|Hallam|2014|pp= 364-365}} This created an unprecedented situation as the question of female succession to the crown had never before needed to be considered.{{sfn|Bartlett|2020|p=146}} Louis's brother, [[Philip V of France|Philip]], acted quickly to seize power. He set Joan aside and had himself crowned king, becoming Philip V. He then called an assembly of magnates to ratify his accession, which met four weeks later in early 1317, and declared "a woman could not succeed to the crown of the kingdom of France."{{sfn|Bartlett|2020|p=147}} In 1322, Philip V died leaving only daughters and, consistent with the 1317 assembly's declaration, they were set aside by the magnates and his brother, [[Charles IV of France|Charles IV]] acceded to the throne.{{sfn|Arnold-Baker|2015|p=1107}}[/td]
[td]From the election of [[Hugh Capet]] in 987 until 1316, the French crown passed uninterrupted from father to son,{{sfn|Arnold-Baker|2015|p=1107}} providing, for the time, such unusual dynastic continuity that it has been called the "[[Capetian miracle]]".{{sfn|Adams|2023|p=96}} However, this was brought to an end by [[Louis X of France|Louis X]] dying in 1316 and leaving only a daughter, [[Joan II of Navarre|Joan]]. His queen, [[Clementia of Hungary|ClΓ©mence]], was pregnant with a posthumous son, [[John I of France|John]], but he died five days after birth.{{sfn|Hallam|2014|pp= 364-365}} This created an unprecedented situation as the question of female succession to the crown had never before needed to be considered.{{sfn|Bartlett|2020|p=146}} Louis's brother, [[Philip V of France|Philip]], acted quickly to seize power. He set Joan aside and had himself crowned king, becoming Philip V. He then called an assembly of magnates to ratify his accession, which met four weeks later in early 1317. Recognising political, it confirmed Philip as king but, in so doing, the assembly declared "a woman could not succeed to the crown of the kingdom of France."{{sfn|Bartlett|2020|p=147}} In 1322, Philip V died leaving only daughters and, consistent with the 1317 assembly's declaration, they were set aside by the magnates and his brother, [[Charles IV of France|Charles IV]] acceded to the throne.{{sfn|Arnold-Baker|2015|p=1107}}[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]From the 15th century, French writers began arguing that succession to the throne was, and always had been, governed by [[Salic law]], a 6th century [[Franks|Frankish]] legal code, which they claimed prohibited inheritance of the crown by or through a woman. They also claimed that the 1316 and 1322 successions were determined by the application of Salic law.{{sfn|Taylor|2006|pp=18-19}}{{sfn|Taylor|2001a|p=361}} However, Salic law had fallen into obscurity and disuse after the [[Carolingian era]] until it was rediscovered by a small group of scholars at the [[Abbey of St-Denis]] in the mid-14th century.{{sfn|Taylor|2001a|pp=358, 361}} There is no reliable evidence that Salic law played any part in the successions of 1316 or 1322 and the earliest known link made to it in connection with the succession to the throne is dated to a French treatise written around 1413.{{sfn|Taylor|2001a|p=359}}[/td]
[td]From the 15th century, French writers began arguing that succession to the throne was, and always had been, governed by [[Salic law]], a 6th century [[Franks|Frankish]] legal code, which they claimed prohibited inheritance of the crown by or through a woman. They also claimed that the 1316 and 1322 successions were determined by the application of Salic law.{{sfn|Taylor|2006|pp=18-19}}{{sfn|Taylor|2001a|p=361}} However, Salic law had fallen into obscurity and disuse after the [[Carolingian era]] until it was rediscovered by a small group of scholars at the [[Abbey of St-Denis]] in the mid-14th century.{{sfn|Taylor|2001a|pp=358, 361}} There is no reliable evidence that Salic law played any part in the successions of 1316 or 1322 and the earliest known link made to it in connection with the succession to the throne is dated to a French treatise written around 1413.{{sfn|Taylor|2001a|p=359}}[/td]
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