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"Second Man" in the State
[td][/td] [td]== "Second Man" in the State ==[/td]
[td]== "Second Man" in the State ==[/td] [td][[File:Rydz Smigly Bulawa1.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Śmigły-Rydz receives Marshal's [[buława|baton]] from President [[Ignacy Mościcki]], [[Warsaw]], 10 November 1936.]][/td]
[td][[File:Rydz Smigly Bulawa1.jpg|thumb|Śmigły-Rydz receives Marshal's [[buława|baton]] from President [[Ignacy Mościcki]], [[Warsaw]], 10 November 1936.]][/td] [td]On 13 May 1935, following Piłsudski's death, Rydz was nominated by the president and government of Poland to serve in the capacity of the [[Inspector-General of the Polish Armed Forces]], the highest Polish military office. This was done in accordance with Piłsudski's wishes. Piłsudski's death saw his followers (the [[Sanacja]]), divide themselves into three main factions: those supporting President [[Ignacy Mościcki]] as Piłsudski's successor, those supporting Rydz, and those supporting Prime Minister [[Walery Sławek]]. Mościcki in the end would conclude a power-sharing agreement with Śmigły-Rydz, which saw Slawek marginalised as a serious political player by the end of the year. As a result of this agreement, Śmigły-Rydz was to become the ''de facto'' leader of Poland until the outbreak of the war, whereas Mościcki remained influential by continuing as president.[[File:Smigly-Rydz and Gamelin.jpg|160px|right|thumb|General Śmigły-Rydz ''(left)'' and French General [[Maurice Gamelin]], Warsaw, August 1936]] From 1935, Rydz saw himself rapidly elevated in rank and position. On 15 July 1936, he was officially awarded the title of "Second Man in the State after the President" by the Polish prime minister. On 10 November, he was promoted to the rank of Marshal of Poland. Rydz's image as Piłsudski's anointed successor was popularized by the ''[[Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego]]'' ("Camp of National Unity"), or "Ozon", movement, but it alienated many of Piłsudski's supporters, who were offended by what they saw as Rydz's acts of self-promotion.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]On 13 May 1935, following Piłsudski's death, Rydz was nominated by the president and government of Poland to serve in the capacity of the [[Inspector-General of the Polish Armed Forces]], the highest Polish military office. This was done in accordance with Piłsudski's wishes. Piłsudski's death saw his followers (the [[Sanacja]]), divide themselves into three main factions: those supporting President [[Ignacy Mościcki]] as Piłsudski's successor, those supporting Rydz, and those supporting Prime Minister [[Walery Sławek]]. Mościcki in the end would conclude a power-sharing agreement with Śmigły-Rydz, which saw Slawek marginalised as a serious political player by the end of the year. As a result of this agreement, Śmigły-Rydz was to become the ''de facto'' leader of Poland until the outbreak of the war, whereas Mościcki remained influential by continuing as president.[/td] [td]The period of Rydz's rule, 1935–39, has often been referred to as "a dictatorship without a dictator". Rydz lacked the [[moral authority]] of Piłsudski, and the ''Piłsudskiites'' were bitterly divided after his death in 1935. The ruling regime was divided between the Mościcki faction (known as the "President's men" or the "Castle group"), made up mainly of civilians, and Rydz's group, known as the "Marshal's men", mostly old comrades of Piłsudski and professional officers. Besides these two major groups, there were also supporters of Sławek and other disgruntled Piłsudskiite groups, which were marginalized after the Rydz-Mościcki pact.[[File:Rydz znaczek.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Pre-war [[Postage stamp|stamp]] featuring Marshal Śmigły-Rydz]][[File:Rydz-Śmigły propaganda.jpg|thumb|left|The Marshal on a propaganda poster, 1936]]The regime became increasingly [[authoritarian]], as manifested by the creation of the Ozon movement. However, Ozon never achieved its goal of developing popular mass appeal and transforming Rydz into "Poland's second great leader" (after Piłsudski himself). Several of Poland's most prominent politicians, including Mościcki and Foreign Minister [[Józef Beck]], made a point of distancing themselves from this movement.[/td] [td][/td] [td][[File:Smigly-Rydz and Gamelin.jpg|right|thumb|General Śmigły-Rydz ''(left)'' and French General [[Maurice Gamelin]], Warsaw, August 1936]][/td] [td][/td] [td]From 1935, Rydz saw himself rapidly elevated in rank and position. On 15 July 1936, he was officially awarded the title of "Second Man in the State after the President" by the Polish prime minister. On 10 November, he was promoted to the rank of Marshal of Poland. Rydz's image as Piłsudski's anointed successor was popularized by the ''[[Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego]]'' ("Camp of National Unity"), or "Ozon", movement, but it alienated many of Piłsudski's supporters, who were offended by what they saw as Rydz's acts of self-promotion.[/td] [td][/td] [td]The period of Rydz's rule, 1935–39, has often been referred to as "a dictatorship without a dictator". Rydz lacked the [[moral authority]] of Piłsudski, and the ''Piłsudskiites'' were bitterly divided after his death in 1935. The ruling regime was divided between the Mościcki faction (known as the "President's men" or the "Castle group"), made up mainly of civilians, and Rydz's group, known as the "Marshal's men", mostly old comrades of Piłsudski and professional officers. Besides these two major groups, there were also supporters of Sławek and other disgruntled Piłsudskiite groups, which were marginalized after the Rydz-Mościcki pact.[/td] [td][/td] [td][[File:Rydz znaczek.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Pre-war stamp featuring Marshal Śmigły-Rydz]][/td] [td][/td] [td][[File:Rydz-Śmigły propaganda.jpg|thumb|right|upright|The Marshal on a propaganda poster, 1936]][/td] [td][/td] [td]The regime became increasingly [[authoritarian]], as manifested by the creation of the Ozon movement. However, Ozon never achieved its goal of developing popular mass appeal and transforming Rydz into "Poland's second great leader" (after Piłsudski himself). Several of Poland's most prominent politicians, including Mościcki and Foreign Minister [[Józef Beck]], made a point of distancing themselves from this movement.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]==World War II==[/td]
[td]==World War II==[/td]
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[td][/td]Revision as of 14:19, 2 September 2025
[/td][td][/td] [td]== "Second Man" in the State ==[/td]
[td]== "Second Man" in the State ==[/td] [td][[File:Rydz Smigly Bulawa1.jpg|upright=1.35|thumb|Śmigły-Rydz receives Marshal's [[buława|baton]] from President [[Ignacy Mościcki]], [[Warsaw]], 10 November 1936.]][/td]
[td][[File:Rydz Smigly Bulawa1.jpg|thumb|Śmigły-Rydz receives Marshal's [[buława|baton]] from President [[Ignacy Mościcki]], [[Warsaw]], 10 November 1936.]][/td] [td]On 13 May 1935, following Piłsudski's death, Rydz was nominated by the president and government of Poland to serve in the capacity of the [[Inspector-General of the Polish Armed Forces]], the highest Polish military office. This was done in accordance with Piłsudski's wishes. Piłsudski's death saw his followers (the [[Sanacja]]), divide themselves into three main factions: those supporting President [[Ignacy Mościcki]] as Piłsudski's successor, those supporting Rydz, and those supporting Prime Minister [[Walery Sławek]]. Mościcki in the end would conclude a power-sharing agreement with Śmigły-Rydz, which saw Slawek marginalised as a serious political player by the end of the year. As a result of this agreement, Śmigły-Rydz was to become the ''de facto'' leader of Poland until the outbreak of the war, whereas Mościcki remained influential by continuing as president.[[File:Smigly-Rydz and Gamelin.jpg|160px|right|thumb|General Śmigły-Rydz ''(left)'' and French General [[Maurice Gamelin]], Warsaw, August 1936]] From 1935, Rydz saw himself rapidly elevated in rank and position. On 15 July 1936, he was officially awarded the title of "Second Man in the State after the President" by the Polish prime minister. On 10 November, he was promoted to the rank of Marshal of Poland. Rydz's image as Piłsudski's anointed successor was popularized by the ''[[Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego]]'' ("Camp of National Unity"), or "Ozon", movement, but it alienated many of Piłsudski's supporters, who were offended by what they saw as Rydz's acts of self-promotion.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]On 13 May 1935, following Piłsudski's death, Rydz was nominated by the president and government of Poland to serve in the capacity of the [[Inspector-General of the Polish Armed Forces]], the highest Polish military office. This was done in accordance with Piłsudski's wishes. Piłsudski's death saw his followers (the [[Sanacja]]), divide themselves into three main factions: those supporting President [[Ignacy Mościcki]] as Piłsudski's successor, those supporting Rydz, and those supporting Prime Minister [[Walery Sławek]]. Mościcki in the end would conclude a power-sharing agreement with Śmigły-Rydz, which saw Slawek marginalised as a serious political player by the end of the year. As a result of this agreement, Śmigły-Rydz was to become the ''de facto'' leader of Poland until the outbreak of the war, whereas Mościcki remained influential by continuing as president.[/td] [td]The period of Rydz's rule, 1935–39, has often been referred to as "a dictatorship without a dictator". Rydz lacked the [[moral authority]] of Piłsudski, and the ''Piłsudskiites'' were bitterly divided after his death in 1935. The ruling regime was divided between the Mościcki faction (known as the "President's men" or the "Castle group"), made up mainly of civilians, and Rydz's group, known as the "Marshal's men", mostly old comrades of Piłsudski and professional officers. Besides these two major groups, there were also supporters of Sławek and other disgruntled Piłsudskiite groups, which were marginalized after the Rydz-Mościcki pact.[[File:Rydz znaczek.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Pre-war [[Postage stamp|stamp]] featuring Marshal Śmigły-Rydz]][[File:Rydz-Śmigły propaganda.jpg|thumb|left|The Marshal on a propaganda poster, 1936]]The regime became increasingly [[authoritarian]], as manifested by the creation of the Ozon movement. However, Ozon never achieved its goal of developing popular mass appeal and transforming Rydz into "Poland's second great leader" (after Piłsudski himself). Several of Poland's most prominent politicians, including Mościcki and Foreign Minister [[Józef Beck]], made a point of distancing themselves from this movement.[/td] [td][/td] [td][[File:Smigly-Rydz and Gamelin.jpg|right|thumb|General Śmigły-Rydz ''(left)'' and French General [[Maurice Gamelin]], Warsaw, August 1936]][/td] [td][/td] [td]From 1935, Rydz saw himself rapidly elevated in rank and position. On 15 July 1936, he was officially awarded the title of "Second Man in the State after the President" by the Polish prime minister. On 10 November, he was promoted to the rank of Marshal of Poland. Rydz's image as Piłsudski's anointed successor was popularized by the ''[[Obóz Zjednoczenia Narodowego]]'' ("Camp of National Unity"), or "Ozon", movement, but it alienated many of Piłsudski's supporters, who were offended by what they saw as Rydz's acts of self-promotion.[/td] [td][/td] [td]The period of Rydz's rule, 1935–39, has often been referred to as "a dictatorship without a dictator". Rydz lacked the [[moral authority]] of Piłsudski, and the ''Piłsudskiites'' were bitterly divided after his death in 1935. The ruling regime was divided between the Mościcki faction (known as the "President's men" or the "Castle group"), made up mainly of civilians, and Rydz's group, known as the "Marshal's men", mostly old comrades of Piłsudski and professional officers. Besides these two major groups, there were also supporters of Sławek and other disgruntled Piłsudskiite groups, which were marginalized after the Rydz-Mościcki pact.[/td] [td][/td] [td][[File:Rydz znaczek.jpg|thumb|left|upright|Pre-war stamp featuring Marshal Śmigły-Rydz]][/td] [td][/td] [td][[File:Rydz-Śmigły propaganda.jpg|thumb|right|upright|The Marshal on a propaganda poster, 1936]][/td] [td][/td] [td]The regime became increasingly [[authoritarian]], as manifested by the creation of the Ozon movement. However, Ozon never achieved its goal of developing popular mass appeal and transforming Rydz into "Poland's second great leader" (after Piłsudski himself). Several of Poland's most prominent politicians, including Mościcki and Foreign Minister [[Józef Beck]], made a point of distancing themselves from this movement.[/td] [td][/td]
[td][/td] [td]==World War II==[/td]
[td]==World War II==[/td]
Continue reading...
