Siege of Buda (1686)

[[File:Die Einnahme von Buda 1686.JPG|thumb|250px|The [[Holy League (1684)|Holy League]] took [[Buda]] after a long siege in 1686]]

[[File:Die Einnahme von Buda 1686.JPG|thumb|250px|The [[Holy League (1684)|Holy League]] took [[Buda]] after a long siege in 1686]]

In 1541, [[Buda]] was conquered by the Turks in the [[Siege of Buda (1541)|siege of Buda]], and was under Ottoman rule for the next 145 years. Under Ottoman rule the economic decline of [[Buda]], the capital city of Hungary, was characterized by the stagnation of population. The population of Buda was not larger in 1686, than the population of the city two centuries earlier in the 15th century.<ref>{{cite book|author=András Gerő, János Poór|title=Budapest: a history from its beginnings to 1998, Volume 86 van Atlantic studies on society in change, Volume 462 van East European monographs|publisher=Social Science Monographs|page=3|year=1997|isbn=9780880333597|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sONnAAAAMAAJ&q=%22population+of+Buda%22}}</ref> The Ottomans allowed the Hungarian royal palace to fall into ruins.<ref>{{cite book|author=Andrew Wheatcroft|title=The Enemy at the Gate: Habsburgs, Ottomans, and the Battle for Europe|publisher=Basic Books|page=206|year=2010|isbn=9780465020812|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uOYWBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA206}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The [[Amortization (zoning)|amortize]]d palace was later transformed into a gunpowder storage and magazine by the Ottomans,<ref>{{cite book|author= Steve Fallon, Sally Schafer|title=Lonely Planet Budapest|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2015|isbn=9781743605059|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jOJzBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT443 }}</ref> which caused its detonation during the siege in 1686. The original Christian Hungarian population did not feel secure during the Ottoman conquest, their numbers significantly shrank in the next decades, because they fled to the Habsburg ruled [[Royal Hungary]]. The number of Jews and Gypsy immigrants became dominant during the Ottoman rule in Buda.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters|title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire Facts on File Library of World History Gale virtual reference library|publisher=Infobase Publishing|page=96|year=2009|isbn=9781438110257|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC&pg=PA95 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters|title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire Facts on File Library of World History Gale virtual reference library|publisher=Infobase Publishing|page=96|year=2009|isbn=9781438110257|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC&q=ottoman+buda+jews+gypsies&pg=PA95}}</ref> It became an Ottoman cultural and commercial center.

In 1541, [[Buda]] was conquered by the Turks in the [[Siege of Buda (1541)|siege of Buda]], and was under Ottoman rule for the next 145 years.

Under Ottoman rule the economic decline of [[Buda]], the capital city of Hungary, was characterized by the stagnation of population. The population of Buda was not larger in 1686, than the population of the city two centuries earlier in the 15th century.<ref>{{cite book|author=András Gerő, János Poór|title=Budapest: a history from its beginnings to 1998, Volume 86 van Atlantic studies on society in change, Volume 462 van East European monographs|publisher=Social Science Monographs|page=3|year=1997|isbn=9780880333597|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sONnAAAAMAAJ&q=%22population+of+Buda%22}}</ref> The Ottomans allowed the Hungarian royal palace to fall into ruins.<ref>{{cite book|author=Andrew Wheatcroft|title=The Enemy at the Gate: Habsburgs, Ottomans, and the Battle for Europe|publisher=Basic Books|page=206|year=2010|isbn=9780465020812|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uOYWBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA206}}{{Dead link|date=March 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref> The [[Amortization (zoning)|amortize]]d palace was later transformed into a gunpowder storage and magazine by the Ottomans,<ref>{{cite book|author= Steve Fallon, Sally Schafer|title=Lonely Planet Budapest|publisher=Lonely Planet|year=2015|isbn=9781743605059|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=jOJzBgAAQBAJ&pg=PT443 }}</ref> which caused its detonation during the siege in 1686. The original Christian Hungarian population did not feel secure during the Ottoman conquest, their numbers significantly shrank in the next decades, because they fled to the Habsburg ruled [[Royal Hungary]]. The number of Jews and Gypsy immigrants became dominant during the Ottoman rule in Buda.<ref>{{cite book|author=Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters|title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire Facts on File Library of World History Gale virtual reference library|publisher=Infobase Publishing|page=96|year=2009|isbn=9781438110257|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC&pg=PA95 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book|author=Ga ́bor A ́goston, Bruce Alan Masters|title=Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire Facts on File Library of World History Gale virtual reference library|publisher=Infobase Publishing|page=96|year=2009|isbn=9781438110257|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QjzYdCxumFcC&q=ottoman+buda+jews+gypsies&pg=PA95}}</ref> It became an Ottoman cultural and commercial center.

===Earlier phases of the 1683 war===

===Earlier phases of the 1683 war===