Open educational resources - Wikipedia - Recent changes [en]

[[File:Global Open Educational Resources Logo.svg|thumb|[[UNESCO]] Global Open Educational Resources logo]]

[[File:Global Open Educational Resources Logo.svg|thumb|[[UNESCO]] Global Open Educational Resources logo]]

'''Open educational resources''' ('''OER''')<ref>{{cite web |date=2020-04-14 |title=UNESCO Recommendation on OER |url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/building-knowledge-societies/oer/recommendation |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref> are [[Instructional materials|teaching]], learning, and research materials intentionally created and [[Free license|licensed]] to be free for the end user to own, share, and in most cases, modify.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Belikov |first1=Olga M. |last2=Kimmons |first2=Royce |title=Open Educational Resources |journal=The International Encyclopedia of Media Literacy |date=2019 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1002/9781118978238.ieml0175 |isbn=9781118978238}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ala.org/acrl/onlinelearning/oerwebcastseries|title=Blicher, H., Essmiller, K., Reed, M., & Santiago, A. (2021, February 24). Open educational resources and affordability: Foundations of OER. (Webinar) |website=[[American Library Association]] |accessdate=July 2, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Pownall">{{Cite journal |last1=Pownall |first1=Madeleine |last2=Azevedo |first2=Flávio |last3=König |first3=Laura M. |last4=Slack |first4=Hannah R. |last5=Evans |first5=Thomas Rhys |last6=Flack |first6=Zoe |last7=Grinschgl |first7=Sandra |last8=Elsherif |first8=Mahmoud M. |last9=Gilligan-Lee |first9=Katie A. |last10=de Oliveira |first10=Catia M. F. |last11=Gjoneska |first11=Biljana |last12=Kalandadze |first12=Tamara |last13=Button |first13=Katherine |last14=Ashcroft-Jones |first14=Sarah |last15=Terry |first15=Jenny |date=May 2023 |title=Teaching open and reproducible scholarship: a critical review of the evidence base for current pedagogical methods and their outcomes |journal=Royal Society Open Science |language=en |volume=10 |issue=5 |page=221255 |doi=10.1098/rsos.221255 |pmid=37206965 |pmc=10189598 |bibcode=2023RSOS...1021255P |issn=2054-5703}}</ref> The term "OER" describes publicly accessible materials and resources for any user to use, re-mix, improve, and redistribute under some licenses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://guides.temple.edu/OER|title=Research Guides: Discovering Open Educational Resources (OER): Home|last=Bell|first=Steven|website=guides.temple.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-12-05}}</ref> These are designed to reduce accessibility barriers by implementing best practices in teaching and to be adapted for local unique contexts.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Marshall S.|date=2009-01-02|title=Opening Education|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1168018|journal=Science|language=en|volume=323|issue=5910|pages=89–93|doi=10.1126/science.1168018|pmid=19119226|bibcode=2009Sci...323...89S|s2cid=11073287|issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":6">Mishra, M., Dash, M. K., Sudarsan, D., Santos, C. A. G., Mishra, S. K., Kar, D., ... & da Silva, R. M. (2022). Assessment of trend and current pattern of open educational resources: A bibliometric analysis. ''The Journal of Academic Librarianship'', ''48''(3), 102520.</ref>

'''Open educational resources''' ('''OER''')<ref>{{cite web |date=2020-04-14 |title=UNESCO Recommendation on OER |url=https://en.unesco.org/themes/building-knowledge-societies/oer/recommendation |access-date=2022-04-05 |website=UNESCO |language=en}}</ref> are [[Instructional materials|teaching]], learning, and research materials intentionally created and [[Free license|licensed]] to be free for the end user to own, share, and in most cases, modify.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Belikov |first1=Olga M. |last2=Kimmons |first2=Royce |date=2019 |pages=1–6 |doi=10.1002/9781118978238.ieml0175 |isbn=9781118978238}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ala.org/acrl/onlinelearning/oerwebcastseries|title=Blicher, H., Essmiller, K., Reed, M., & Santiago, A. (2021, February 24). Open educational resources and affordability: Foundations of OER. (Webinar) |website=[[American Library Association]] |accessdate=July 2, 2023}}</ref><ref name="Pownall">{{Cite journal |last1=Pownall |first1=Madeleine |last2=Azevedo |first2=Flávio |last3=König |first3=Laura M. |last4=Slack |first4=Hannah R. |last5=Evans |first5=Thomas Rhys |last6=Flack |first6=Zoe |last7=Grinschgl |first7=Sandra |last8=Elsherif |first8=Mahmoud M. |last9=Gilligan-Lee |first9=Katie A. |last10=de Oliveira |first10=Catia M. F. |last11=Gjoneska |first11=Biljana |last12=Kalandadze |first12=Tamara |last13=Button |first13=Katherine |last14=Ashcroft-Jones |first14=Sarah |last15=Terry |first15=Jenny |date=May 2023 |title=Teaching open and reproducible scholarship: a critical review of the evidence base for current pedagogical methods and their outcomes |journal=Royal Society Open Science |language=en |volume=10 |issue=5 |page=221255 |doi=10.1098/rsos.221255 |pmid=37206965 |pmc=10189598 |bibcode=2023RSOS...1021255P |issn=2054-5703}}</ref> The term "OER" describes publicly accessible materials and resources for any user to use, re-mix, improve, and redistribute under some licenses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://guides.temple.edu/OER|title=Research Guides: Discovering Open Educational Resources (OER): Home|last=Bell|first=Steven|website=guides.temple.edu|language=en|access-date=2017-12-05}}</ref> These are designed to reduce accessibility barriers by implementing best practices in teaching and to be adapted for local unique contexts.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Smith|first=Marshall S.|date=2009-01-02|title=Opening Education|url=https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1168018|journal=Science|language=en|volume=323|issue=5910|pages=89–93|doi=10.1126/science.1168018|pmid=19119226|bibcode=2009Sci...323...89S|s2cid=11073287|issn=0036-8075|url-access=subscription}}</ref><ref name=":6">Mishra, M., Dash, M. K., Sudarsan, D., Santos, C. A. G., Mishra, S. K., Kar, D., ... & da Silva, R. M. (2022). Assessment of trend and current pattern of open educational resources: A bibliometric analysis. ''The Journal of Academic Librarianship'', ''48''(3), 102520.</ref>

The development and promotion of open [[education]]al resources is often motivated by a desire to provide an alternative or enhanced educational [[paradigm]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Sanchez|first=Claudia|title=The use of technological resources for education: a new professional competency for teachers|url=https://blogs.intel.com/intel-education-solutions/2012/11/30/the-use-of-technological-resources-for-education-a-new-professional-competency-for-teachers/|work=Intel® Learning Series blog|publisher=Intel Corporation|access-date=23 April 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329000906/http://blogs.intel.com/intel-education-solutions/2012/11/30/the-use-of-technological-resources-for-education-a-new-professional-competency-for-teachers/|archive-date=29 March 2013}}</ref>

The development and promotion of open [[education]]al resources is often motivated by a desire to provide an alternative or enhanced educational [[paradigm]].<ref>{{cite web|last=Sanchez|first=Claudia|title=The use of technological resources for education: a new professional competency for teachers|url=https://blogs.intel.com/intel-education-solutions/2012/11/30/the-use-of-technological-resources-for-education-a-new-professional-competency-for-teachers/|work=Intel® Learning Series blog|publisher=Intel Corporation|access-date=23 April 2013|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130329000906/http://blogs.intel.com/intel-education-solutions/2012/11/30/the-use-of-technological-resources-for-education-a-new-professional-competency-for-teachers/|archive-date=29 March 2013}}</ref>