One Big Beautiful Bill Act

On June 28, the Senate voted on a procedural motion to begin debate on the bill. Initially, fiscal conservatives Ron Johnson and Rand Paul, along with moderate [[Thom Tillis]], voted against the motion, while fiscal conservatives [[Rick Scott]], [[Mike Lee]], and [[Cynthia Lummis]], as well as moderate [[Lisa Murkowski]], withheld their votes. After hours of negotiations, which resulted in Alaska specific provisions for Murkowski and Republican leadership support for an amendment vote that would result in increased Medicaid cuts targeted at the fiscal conservatives, Johnson, Scott, Lee, Lummis and Murkowski voted for the motion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/06/28/us/trump-news |title=Republicans Hunt for Votes to Bring Policy Bill to the Floor |date=June 28, 2025 |last1=Edmondson |first1=Catie |last2=Plumer |first2=Brad |last3=Duehren |first3=Andrew |last4=Sanger-Katz |first4=Margot |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=June 28, 2025}}</ref> The passage of the motion to proceed began the "[[vote-a-rama]]" process, in which senators can propose an unlimited number of amendments to the bill. However, before it could begin, Democrats required the clerks of the Senate to read the entire 940 page bill in order to highlight Medicaid cuts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/06/29/congress/senate-megabill-done-reading-00432205 |title=Megabill reading wraps up after nearly 16 hours |last1=Guggenheim|first1=Benjamin |work=[[Politico]] |date=June 29, 2025|access-date=July 1, 2025}}</ref> The vote-a-rama began two days later, on June 30, in the early morning.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hubbard |first=Kaia |date=June 30, 2025 |title=Senate holds marathon vote series on Trump's "big, beautiful bill" as GOP eyes July 4 deadline - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/senate-debate-trump-one-big-beautiful-bill/ |access-date=June 30, 2025 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> One of the few successful amendment votes, passing 99–1, removed the proposed AI law moratorium.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hendriz|first=Justin|date=July 1, 2025 |title=US Senate Drops Proposed Moratorium on State AI Laws in Budget Vote |url=https://www.techpolicy.press/us-senate-drops-proposed-moratorium-on-state-ai-laws-in-budget-vote/ |access-date=July 1, 2025|website=Tech Policy.Press |language=en-US}}</ref> The vote-a-rama set a record for the most amendment votes in Senate history.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McCarthy|first=Mia|date=July 1, 2025 |title=New vote-a-rama record |url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/07/01/congress/new-vote-a-rama-record-00434751 |access-date=July 1, 2025|website=Politico |language=en-US}}</ref>

On June 28, the Senate voted on a procedural motion to begin debate on the bill. Initially, fiscal conservatives Ron Johnson and Rand Paul, along with moderate [[Thom Tillis]], voted against the motion, while fiscal conservatives [[Rick Scott]], [[Mike Lee]], and [[Cynthia Lummis]], as well as moderate [[Lisa Murkowski]], withheld their votes. After hours of negotiations, which resulted in Alaska specific provisions for Murkowski and Republican leadership support for an amendment vote that would result in increased Medicaid cuts targeted at the fiscal conservatives, Johnson, Scott, Lee, Lummis and Murkowski voted for the motion.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/live/2025/06/28/us/trump-news |title=Republicans Hunt for Votes to Bring Policy Bill to the Floor |date=June 28, 2025 |last1=Edmondson |first1=Catie |last2=Plumer |first2=Brad |last3=Duehren |first3=Andrew |last4=Sanger-Katz |first4=Margot |work=[[The New York Times]] |access-date=June 28, 2025}}</ref> The passage of the motion to proceed began the "[[vote-a-rama]]" process, in which senators can propose an unlimited number of amendments to the bill. However, before it could begin, Democrats required the clerks of the Senate to read the entire 940 page bill in order to highlight Medicaid cuts.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/06/29/congress/senate-megabill-done-reading-00432205 |title=Megabill reading wraps up after nearly 16 hours |last1=Guggenheim|first1=Benjamin |work=[[Politico]] |date=June 29, 2025|access-date=July 1, 2025}}</ref> The vote-a-rama began two days later, on June 30, in the early morning.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hubbard |first=Kaia |date=June 30, 2025 |title=Senate holds marathon vote series on Trump's "big, beautiful bill" as GOP eyes July 4 deadline - CBS News |url=https://www.cbsnews.com/news/senate-debate-trump-one-big-beautiful-bill/ |access-date=June 30, 2025 |website=www.cbsnews.com |language=en-US}}</ref> One of the few successful amendment votes, passing 99–1, removed the proposed AI law moratorium.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Hendriz|first=Justin|date=July 1, 2025 |title=US Senate Drops Proposed Moratorium on State AI Laws in Budget Vote |url=https://www.techpolicy.press/us-senate-drops-proposed-moratorium-on-state-ai-laws-in-budget-vote/ |access-date=July 1, 2025|website=Tech Policy.Press |language=en-US}}</ref> The vote-a-rama set a record for the most amendment votes in Senate history.<ref>{{Cite web |last=McCarthy|first=Mia|date=July 1, 2025 |title=New vote-a-rama record |url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/07/01/congress/new-vote-a-rama-record-00434751 |access-date=July 1, 2025|website=Politico |language=en-US}}</ref>

After an over 24-hour vote-a-rama, the bill passed the Senate on July 1, 2025, in a mostly party-line 51–50 vote.<ref name="ax">{{Cite web |last1=Kight|first1=Stef W.|last2=Nichols|first2=Hans|last3=Neukam|first3=Stephen|date=July 1, 2025 |title=Senate passes Trump's "big, beautiful bill" after 11th-hour panic |url=https://www.axios.com/2025/07/01/senate-gop-passes-trumps-big-beautiful-bill-vote |access-date=July 1, 2025|website=Axios|language=en-US}}</ref> All Senate Democrats voted against the bill, and Republicans Rand Paul, Thom Tillis, and Susan Collins of Maine broke from their party to vote against the bill as well.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/07/01/us/senate-megabill-vote.html</ref> Faced with a tie vote, Republican Vice President [[JD Vance]] cast a tie-breaking vote in favor of the bill.<ref name="ax" />

After an over 24-hour vote-a-rama, the bill passed the Senate on July 1, 2025, in a mostly party-line 51–50 vote.<ref name="ax">{{Cite web |last1=Kight|first1=Stef W.|last2=Nichols|first2=Hans|last3=Neukam|first3=Stephen|date=July 1, 2025 |title=Senate passes Trump's "big, beautiful bill" after 11th-hour panic |url=https://www.axios.com/2025/07/01/senate-gop-passes-trumps-big-beautiful-bill-vote |access-date=July 1, 2025|website=Axios|language=en-US}}</ref> All Senate Democrats voted against the bill, and Republicans Rand Paul, Thom Tillis, and Susan Collins of Maine broke from their party to vote against the bill as well.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/07/01/us/senate-megabill-vote.html|title=How Every Senator Voted on the G.O.P. Megabill|first1=Alicia|last1=Parlapiano|first2=Ashley|last2=Wu|first3=Elena|last3=Shao|first4=Christine|last4=Zhang|first5=Karen|last5=Yourish|first6=Martín González|last6=Gómez|first7=Jon|last7=Huang|date=July 1, 2025|via=NYTimes.com}}</ref> Faced with a tie vote, Republican Vice President [[JD Vance]] cast a tie-breaking vote in favor of the bill.<ref name="ax" />

===Second House vote===

===Second House vote===

Starting at 4:52 a.m., House minority leader [[Hakeem Jeffries]] delivered a lengthy speech using the "[[magic minute]]" to delay the passage of the bill, eventually breaking the 8 hour and 32 minute record set by [[Kevin McCarthy]] in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-03 |title=Hakeem Jeffries breaks the House record for longest floor speech |url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/07/03/congress/hakeem-jeffries-longest-house-speech-00438933 |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref>

Starting at 4:52 a.m., House minority leader [[Hakeem Jeffries]] delivered a lengthy speech using the "[[magic minute]]" to delay the passage of the bill, eventually breaking the 8 hour and 32 minute record set by [[Kevin McCarthy]] in 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2025-07-03 |title=Hakeem Jeffries breaks the House record for longest floor speech |url=https://www.politico.com/live-updates/2025/07/03/congress/hakeem-jeffries-longest-house-speech-00438933 |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=POLITICO |language=en}}</ref>

On July 3, the House of Representatives passed the Senate version of the OBBBA in a final vote of 218–214.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sangal |first=Deva Lee, Leinz Vales, Maureen Chowdhury, Shania Shelton, Aditi |date=2025-07-03 |title=Live updates: House votes on Trump's 'big, beautiful bill' {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/trump-big-beautiful-bill-house-vote-07-03-25 |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> All 212 House Democrats voted against the bill, as did Republican Reps. Brian Fitzpatrick of Pennsylvania and Thomas Massey of Kentucky. Two hundred eighteen House Republicans voted for the bill.<ref>https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/2025190</ref><ref>https://thehill.com/homenews/house/5384136-massie-fitzpatrick-vote-against-gop-bill/</ref>

On July 3, the House of Representatives passed the Senate version of the OBBBA in a final vote of 218–214.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Sangal |first=Deva Lee, Leinz Vales, Maureen Chowdhury, Shania Shelton, Aditi |date=2025-07-03 |title=Live updates: House votes on Trump's 'big, beautiful bill' {{!}} CNN Politics |url=https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/trump-big-beautiful-bill-house-vote-07-03-25 |access-date=2025-07-03 |website=CNN |language=en}}</ref> All 212 House Democrats voted against the bill, as did Republican Reps. Brian Fitzpatrick of Pennsylvania and Thomas Massey of Kentucky. Two hundred eighteen House Republicans voted for the bill.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/2025190|title=Roll Call 190, Bill Number: H. R. 1, 119th Congress, 1st Session|website=clerk.house.gov|date=July 3, 2025|access-date=July 4, 2025}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://thehill.com/homenews/house/5384136-massie-fitzpatrick-vote-against-gop-bill/|title=Thomas Massie, Brian Fitzpatrick oppose House bill|website=thehill.com|last=Waldvogel|first=Miriam|date=July 3, 2025}}</ref>

== Impact ==

== Impact ==