Muslim conquests in the Indian subcontinent

====Tughlaq invasions====

====Tughlaq invasions====

[[File:Map of the Tughlaqs.png|thumb|250x250px|Delhi Sultanate reached its zenith under the [[Tughlaq dynasty]].<ref name="malik">{{harvnb|Malik|2008|p=104}}</ref>]]

[[File:Map of the Tughlaqs.png|thumb|250x250px|Delhi Sultanate reached its zenith under the [[Tughlaq dynasty]].<ref name="malik">{{harvnb|Malik|2008|p=104}}</ref>]]

The Tughlaqs conquered Delhi with the support of the [[Khokhar|Khokhar tribes]] who formed the vanguard of the army.<ref>{{harvnb|Khan|2005|p=490}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Siddiqi|1996|p=19|ps=: "the army of Ghazi Malik also had considerable number of the Hindu Khokhar soldiers"}}</ref> The Tughlaqs claimed to be "bound to all Indians by ties of blood and relation".<ref>{{harvnb|Khan|2021|p=183|ps=: "Tughluq's son Jauna's remark that 'I feel bound to all Indians by ties of blood and relation' is significant in this context".}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Wink. Vol. III|2004|p=127|ps=: "Muhammad bin Tughluq was related by blood ties 'to all Indians'"}}</ref> Under the first ruler of the dynasty, [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq|Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq]], the Tughlaq court wrote a war ballad known as the [[Vaar]] in the [[Punjabi language]], describing the introduction of Ghazi Malik's rise to the throne.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s9VjAAAAMAAJ&q=sajan |title=Explorations: Volumes 10-11 |page=19 |date=1984 |publisher=Department of English Language and Literature, Government College}}</ref> This was the earliest known Vaar in Punjabi poetry.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MEluAAAAMAAJ&q=var |title=Proceedings - Punjab History Conference:Volume 26 |date=1995 |publisher=Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University |isbn=978-81-7380-120-4}}</ref> The Tughalqs attacked and plundered Malwa, Gujarat, Mahratta, Tilang, Kampila, Dhur-samundar, Mabar, Lakhnauti, Chittagong, Sunarganw and Tirhut.<ref>{{harvnb|Elliot|1871|pp=236–237}}</ref> The Tughlaqs chose [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Daulatabad]] in southern India as the second administrative capital of the Delhi Sultanate.<ref>{{harvnb|Ray|2019|p=|ps=: "The Sultan created Daulatabad as the second administrative centre. A contemporary writer has written that the Empire had two capitals - Delhi and Daulatabad."}}</ref> The Delhi Sultanate forced migration of the Muslim population of Delhi, including his royal family, the nobles, Syeds, Sheikhs and 'Ulema to settle in Daulatabad. The purpose of transferring the entire Muslim elite to Daulatabad was to act as propagandists who would adapt Islamic religious symbolism to the rhetoric of empire, and so the Sufis could by persuasion bring many of the inhabitants of the Deccan to become Muslim.<ref>{{harvnb|Ernst|1992|p=113}}</ref> These elite colonists from the capital of Delhi were [[Urdu-speaking people|Urdu-speakers]], who carried the [[Urdu language]] to the Deccan.<ref>{{harvnb|Eaton|2015|p=41}}</ref>

The Tughlaqs conquered Delhi with the support of the [[Khokhar|Khokhar tribes]] who formed the vanguard of the army.<ref>{{harvnb|Khan|2005|p=490}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Siddiqi|1996|p=19|ps=: "the army of Ghazi Malik also had considerable number of the Hindu Khokhar soldiers"}}</ref> The Tughlaqs claimed to be "bound to all Indians by ties of blood and relation".<ref>{{harvnb|Khan|2021|p=183|ps=: "Tughluq's son Jauna's remark that 'I feel bound to all Indians by ties of blood and relation' is significant in this context".}}</ref><ref>{{harvnb|Wink. Vol. III|2004|p=127|ps=: "Muhammad bin Tughluq was related by blood ties 'to all Indians'"}}</ref> Under the first ruler of the dynasty, [[Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq|Ghiyath al-Din Tughlaq]], the Tughlaq court wrote a war ballad known as the [[Vaar]] in the [[Punjabi language]], describing the introduction of Ghazi Malik's rise to the throne.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s9VjAAAAMAAJ&q=sajan |title=Explorations: Volumes 10-11 |page=19 |date=1984 |publisher=Department of English Language and Literature, Government College}}</ref> This was the earliest known Vaar in Punjabi poetry.<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MEluAAAAMAAJ&q=var |title=Proceedings - Punjab History Conference:Volume 26 |date=1995 |publisher=Department of Punjab Historical Studies, Punjabi University |isbn=978-81-7380-120-4}}</ref> The Tughalqs attacked and plundered Malwa, Gujarat, Mahratta, Tilang, Kampila, Dhur-samundar, Mabar, Lakhnauti, Chittagong, Sunarganw and Tirhut.<ref>{{harvnb|Elliot|1871|pp=236–237}}</ref> The Tughlaqs chose [[Daulatabad, Maharashtra|Daulatabad]] in southern India as the second administrative capital of the Delhi Sultanate.<ref>{{harvnb|Ray|2019|p=167|ps=: "The Sultan [Muhammad bin Tughluq] had created Daulatabad as the second administrative centre. A contemporary writer has written that the Empire had two capitals – Delhi and Daulatabad."}}</ref> The Delhi Sultanate forced migration of the Muslim population of Delhi, including his royal family, the nobles, Syeds, Sheikhs and 'Ulema to settle in Daulatabad. The purpose of transferring the entire Muslim elite to Daulatabad was to act as propagandists who would adapt Islamic religious symbolism to the rhetoric of empire, and so the Sufis could by persuasion bring many of the inhabitants of the Deccan to become Muslim.<ref>{{harvnb|Ernst|1992|p=113}}</ref> These elite colonists from the capital of Delhi were [[Urdu-speaking people|Urdu-speakers]], who carried the [[Urdu language]] to the Deccan.<ref>{{harvnb|Eaton|2015|p=41}}</ref>

During the time of Delhi Sultanate, the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] resisted attempts of Delhi Sultanate to establish dominion in the [[Southern India]], serving as a barrier against invasion by the Muslims.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Vijayanagar |title=Vijayanagar |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |date=12 May 2023}}</ref>

During the time of Delhi Sultanate, the [[Vijayanagara Empire]] resisted attempts of Delhi Sultanate to establish dominion in the [[Southern India]], serving as a barrier against invasion by the Muslims.<ref>{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Vijayanagar |title=Vijayanagar |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |date=12 May 2023}}</ref>