Kirov Plant

In 1868 [[Nikolay Putilov]] (1820–1880) purchased the bankrupt plant. At the '''Putilov works''', the '''Putilov Company''' (a joint-stock holding company from 1873) initially produced [[rolling stock]] for railways. The establishment boomed during the Russian [[Industrialization in the Russian Empire | industrialization]] of the 1890s, with the workforce quadrupling in a decade, reaching 12,400 in 1900. The factory traditionally{{when?|date=April 2021}} produced goods for the [[Russian Empire | Russian]] government, with railway products accounting for more than half of its total output. Starting in 1900 it also produced [[artillery]], eventually becoming a major supplier of it to the [[Imperial Russian Army]] alongside the [[arsenal |state arsenals]]. By 1917 it grew into a giant enterprise that was by far the largest in the city of St. Petersburg.

In 1868 [[Nikolay Putilov]] (1820–1880) purchased the bankrupt plant. At the '''Putilov works''', the '''Putilov Company''' (a joint-stock holding company from 1873) initially produced [[rolling stock]] for railways. The establishment boomed during the Russian [[Industrialization in the Russian Empire | industrialization]] of the 1890s, with the workforce quadrupling in a decade, reaching 12,400 in 1900. The factory traditionally{{when?|date=April 2021}} produced goods for the [[Russian Empire | Russian]] government, with railway products accounting for more than half of its total output. Starting in 1900 it also produced [[artillery]], eventually becoming a major supplier of it to the [[Imperial Russian Army]] alongside the [[arsenal |state arsenals]]. By 1917 it grew into a giant enterprise that was by far the largest in the city of St. Petersburg.

In December 1904, during the antecedent to the [[1905 Russian Revolution]], four workers at the plant, then called 'Putilov Ironworks', were fired because of their membership in "Assembly of the Russian Factory and Mill Workers of the City of St. Petersburg" headed by Father [[Georgy Gapon]]. However, the plant manager asserted that they were fired for unrelated reasons. Virtually the entire workforce of the Putilov Ironworks went on strike when the plant manager refused to accede to their requests that the workers be rehired. Sympathy strikes in other parts of the city raised the number of strikers up to 150,000 workers in 382 factories. By 21 January [<nowiki/>[[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]] 8 January] 1905, the city had no electricity and no newspapers whatsoever and all public areas were declared closed. <ref>{{Cite news|title=The first day of the strike on the Putilov factory|url=https://www.visit-petersburg.ru/en/event/217/|access-date=2021-05-05|website=www.visit-petersburg.ru|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Short term cause - Bloody Sunday - Causes of the 1905 Revolution - Higher History Revision|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zwxv34j/revision/6|access-date=2021-05-05|website=BBC Bitesize|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Salisbury|first=Harrison E.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7574237|title=Black night, white snow ; Russia's revolutions, 1905-1917|date=1981|publisher=Da Capo|isbn=0-306-80154-X|location=New York, N.Y.|oclc=7574237}}</ref> This was the beginning of the series of events which culminated on Sunday, {{OldStyleDate|22 January|1905|9 January}} in [[Saint Petersburg|St Petersburg]], [[Russian Empire|Russia]], when demonstrators, led by Father Georgy Gapon, were fired upon by soldiers of the [[Leib Guard|Imperial Guard]] as they marched towards the [[Winter Palace]] to present a petition to Tsar [[Nicholas II]] ([[Bloody Sunday (1905)|Bloody Sunday]]). The massacre on Bloody Sunday is considered to be the start of the active phase of the [[Revolution of 1905]].

In December 1904, four workers at the plant, then called 'Putilov Ironworks', were fired because of their membership in "Assembly of the Russian Factory and Mill Workers of the City of St. Petersburg" headed by Father [[Georgy Gapon]]. However, the plant manager asserted that they were fired for unrelated reasons. Virtually the entire workforce of the Putilov Ironworks went on strike when the plant manager refused to accede to their requests that the workers be rehired. Sympathy strikes in other parts of the city raised the number of strikers up to 150,000 workers in 382 factories. By 21 January [<nowiki/>[[Old Style and New Style dates|O.S.]] 8 January] 1905, the city had no electricity and no newspapers whatsoever and all public areas were declared closed. <ref>{{Cite news|title=The first day of the strike on the Putilov factory|url=https://www.visit-petersburg.ru/en/event/217/|access-date=2021-05-05|website=www.visit-petersburg.ru|language=en}}{{Dead link|date=June 2025 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Short term cause - Bloody Sunday - Causes of the 1905 Revolution - Higher History Revision|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zwxv34j/revision/6|access-date=2021-05-05|website=BBC Bitesize|language=en-GB}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|last=Salisbury|first=Harrison E.|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/7574237|title=Black night, white snow ; Russia's revolutions, 1905-1917|date=1981|publisher=Da Capo|isbn=0-306-80154-X|location=New York, N.Y.|oclc=7574237}}</ref> This was the beginning of the series of events which culminated on Sunday, {{OldStyleDate|22 January|1905|9 January}} in [[Saint Petersburg|St Petersburg]], [[Russian Empire|Russia]], when demonstrators, led by Father Georgy Gapon, were fired upon by soldiers of the [[Leib Guard|Imperial Guard]] as they marched towards the [[Winter Palace]] to present a petition to Tsar [[Nicholas II]] ([[Bloody Sunday (1905)|Bloody Sunday]]). The massacre on Bloody Sunday is considered to be the start of the active phase of the [[Revolution of 1905]].

[[File:Volkhov launched at Putilovskaya Verf in Saint Petersburg 17 November 1913.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Launch of ''Volkhov'' at the Putilov works in November 1913]]

[[File:Volkhov launched at Putilovskaya Verf in Saint Petersburg 17 November 1913.jpg|thumb|left|250px|Launch of ''Volkhov'' at the Putilov works in November 1913]]