Kesatuan Melayu Muda

The KMM, however, commanded very little mass support. By 1945, it only enjoyed a membership of 60 and limited to a few cities. In addition, their radical anti-colonialism was anathema to British authorities which had Ibrahim and other KMM leaders arrested in 1942. After [[World War II]], KMM members later founded [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya]], a predecessor to [[Socialist Party of Malaysia|Parti Sosialis Rakyat Malaya]], [[Parti Rakyat Malaysia]] and later, [[Parti Keadilan Rakyat]].<ref name="Sani 2008 30">{{cite book |last=Sani |first=Rustam |date=2008 |title=Social Roots of the Malay Left |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Ie4AAAAIAAJ |publisher=SIRD |page=30 |isbn=978-9833782444 }}</ref>

The KMM, however, commanded very little mass support. By 1945, it only enjoyed a membership of 60 and limited to a few cities. In addition, their radical anti-colonialism was anathema to British authorities which had Ibrahim and other KMM leaders arrested in 1942. After [[World War II]], KMM members later founded [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya]], a predecessor to [[Socialist Party of Malaysia|Parti Sosialis Rakyat Malaya]], [[Parti Rakyat Malaysia]] and later, [[Parti Keadilan Rakyat]].<ref name="Sani 2008 30">{{cite book |last=Sani |first=Rustam |date=2008 |title=Social Roots of the Malay Left |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=-Ie4AAAAIAAJ |publisher=SIRD |page=30 |isbn=978-9833782444 }}</ref>

== Foundation and Development ==

== Foundation and development ==

Broadly speaking, the intellectual basis for what was to become developed both from external impetus from the spread of Indonesian nationalist ideas into Malaysia, and the development of an anti- colonialist intellectual climate within the Sultan Idris Training College for Malay Teachers. In 1927, Malay nationalism in [[British Malaya]] received intellectual impetus from their Indonesian cousins in the wake of the failed [[Communist Party of Indonesia#1926 revolt|1926 Communist uprising]] against the Dutch in the Dutch East Indies. Indonesian nationalist leaders, such as the Comintern agent [[Tan Malaka]], sought refuge in Malaya in the wake of the [[Communist Party of Indonesia|crackdown]] that ensued, where they spread their radical anti-colonial ideology to Malaya.

Broadly speaking, the intellectual basis for what was to become developed both from external impetus from the spread of Indonesian nationalist ideas into Malaysia, and the development of an anti- colonialist intellectual climate within the Sultan Idris Training College for Malay Teachers. In 1927, Malay nationalism in [[British Malaya]] received intellectual impetus from their Indonesian cousins in the wake of the failed [[Communist Party of Indonesia#1926 revolt|1926 Communist uprising]] against the Dutch in the Dutch East Indies. Indonesian nationalist leaders, such as the Comintern agent [[Tan Malaka]], sought refuge in Malaya in the wake of the [[Communist Party of Indonesia|crackdown]] that ensued, where they spread their radical anti-colonial ideology to Malaya.

With the [[surrender of Japan]] in August 1945, former KMM cadres formed the nucleus of the emerging political movements like the [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya]], [[Angkatan Pemuda Insaf]], and [[Angkatan Wanita Sedar]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ooi |first=Keat Gin |author-link=Keat Gin Ooi |title=From PKI to the Comintern, 1924-1941: The Apprenticeship of the Malayan Communist Party |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2004 |isbn=1-57607-770-5 |location=Oxford |pages=1791}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Malaya: The Making of a Neo-colony |last=Mohamed Amin |author2=Malcolm Caldwell |author3=Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation |year=1977 |publisher=Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation |location=Nottingham |isbn=0-85124-190-5 |pages=265 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Politics in a plural society: a study of non-communal political parties in West Malaysia |last=Vasil |first=R. K. |author-link=Australian Institute of International Affairs |year=1971 |publisher=Oxford University Press for the Australian Institute of International Affairs |location=Kuala Lumpur |isbn=0-19-638127-4 |pages=338 }}</ref>

With the [[surrender of Japan]] in August 1945, former KMM cadres formed the nucleus of the emerging political movements like the [[Parti Kebangsaan Melayu Malaya]], [[Angkatan Pemuda Insaf]], and [[Angkatan Wanita Sedar]].<ref>{{cite book |last=Ooi |first=Keat Gin |author-link=Keat Gin Ooi |title=From PKI to the Comintern, 1924-1941: The Apprenticeship of the Malayan Communist Party |publisher=ABC-CLIO |year=2004 |isbn=1-57607-770-5 |location=Oxford |pages=1791}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Malaya: The Making of a Neo-colony |last=Mohamed Amin |author2=Malcolm Caldwell |author3=Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation |year=1977 |publisher=Bertrand Russell Peace Foundation |location=Nottingham |isbn=0-85124-190-5 |pages=265 }}</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=Politics in a plural society: a study of non-communal political parties in West Malaysia |last=Vasil |first=R. K. |author-link=Australian Institute of International Affairs |year=1971 |publisher=Oxford University Press for the Australian Institute of International Affairs |location=Kuala Lumpur |isbn=0-19-638127-4 |pages=338 }}</ref>

== Founding Members ==

== Founding members ==

{| class="wikitable"

{| class="wikitable"

!Name<ref>{{Cite book|title=Radicals: Resistance and Protest in Colonial Malaya|last=Khairudin Aljunied|first=Syed Mohd|publisher=Northern Illinois University Press|year=2015|isbn=9780875804927|location=Illinois|pages=51}}</ref>

!Name<ref>{{Cite book|title=Radicals: Resistance and Protest in Colonial Malaya|last=Khairudin Aljunied|first=Syed Mohd|publisher=Northern Illinois University Press|year=2015|isbn=9780875804927|location=Illinois|pages=51}}</ref>