Iran

* {{Harvard citation no brackets|Ehteshami|2017|p=27}}: "A new constitutional order emerged, in its early years dominated by the clerical establishment. Thus, as a theocratic republic Iran's republican institutions are laced with doctrinal bodies and religious-based organs."

* {{Harvard citation no brackets|Ehteshami|2017|p=27}}: "A new constitutional order emerged, in its early years dominated by the clerical establishment. Thus, as a theocratic republic Iran's republican institutions are laced with doctrinal bodies and religious-based organs."

* {{Harvard citation no brackets|Malekzadeh|2018|p=195}}: "In the space of those 60 years, Iran transitioned from a monarchy to a theocratic republic."

* {{Harvard citation no brackets|Malekzadeh|2018|p=195}}: "In the space of those 60 years, Iran transitioned from a monarchy to a theocratic republic."

* {{harvnb|United States|2011|p=316}}</ref>}} governed by elected and unelected institutions, with ultimate authority vested in the [[Supreme Leader of Iran|Supreme Leader]]. While [[Elections in Iran|Iran holds elections]], key offices—including the head of state and military—are not subject to public vote. The Iranian government has been regarded by some as [[authoritarianism|authoritarian]] and criticized for [[Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran

* {{harvnb|United States|2011|p=316}}</ref>}} governed by elected and unelected institutions, with ultimate authority vested in the [[Supreme Leader of Iran|Supreme Leader]]. While [[Elections in Iran|Iran holds elections]], key offices—including the head of state and military—are not subject to public vote. The Iranian government has been regarded by some as [[authoritarianism|authoritarian]] and criticized for [[Human rights in the Islamic Republic of Iran|its human rights record]], including restrictions on [[freedom of assembly]], [[Freedom of expression in Iran|expression]], and the [[Media of Iran|press]], as well as its [[Women's rights in Iran|treatment of women]], [[Ethnic minorities in Iran|ethnic minorities]], and [[Political prisoners in Iran|political dissidents]]. International observers have raised concerns over the fairness of its electoral processes, especially the vetting of candidates by unelected bodies such as the [[Guardian Council]]. Iran maintains a [[Central planning|centrally planned economy]] with significant [[State-owned enterprises|state ownership]] in key sectors, though [[Private sector|private enterprise]] exists alongside. Iran is a major [[regional power]], due to its large reserves of [[fossil fuel]]s (including the world's second largest [[Natural gas in Iran|natural gas supply]] and [[List of countries by proven oil reserves|third largest proven oil reserves]]), its geopolitically significant location, and its role as the world's focal point of [[Shia Islam]]. Iran is a founding member of the [[United Nations]], [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|OIC]], [[OPEC]], and [[Economic Cooperation Organization|ECO]] as well as a current member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement|NAM]], [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|SCO]], and [[BRICS]]. Iran has 28 [[List of World Heritage Sites in Iran|UNESCO World Heritage Sites]] (the [[World Heritage Sites by country|10th-highest in the world]]) and ranks 5th in [[intangible cultural heritage]] or human treasures.

|its human rights record]], including restrictions on [[freedom of assembly]], [[Freedom of expression in Iran|expression]], and the [[Media of Iran|press]], as well as its [[Women's rights in Iran|treatment of women]], [[Ethnic minorities in Iran|ethnic minorities]], and [[Political prisoners in Iran|political dissidents]]. International observers have raised concerns over the fairness of its electoral processes, especially the vetting of candidates by unelected bodies such as the [[Guardian Council]]. Iran maintains a [[Central planning|centrally planned economy]] with significant [[State-owned enterprises|state ownership]] in key sectors, though [[Private sector|private enterprise]] exists alongside. Iran is a major [[regional power]], due to its large reserves of [[fossil fuel]]s (including the world's second largest [[Natural gas in Iran|natural gas supply]] and [[List of countries by proven oil reserves|third largest proven oil reserves]]), its geopolitically significant location, and its role as the world's focal point of [[Shia Islam]]. Iran is a founding member of the [[United Nations]], [[Organisation of Islamic Cooperation|OIC]], [[OPEC]], and [[Economic Cooperation Organization|ECO]] as well as a current member of the [[Non-Aligned Movement|NAM]], [[Shanghai Cooperation Organisation|SCO]], and [[BRICS]]. Iran has 28 [[List of World Heritage Sites in Iran|UNESCO World Heritage Sites]] (the [[World Heritage Sites by country|10th-highest in the world]]) and ranks 5th in [[intangible cultural heritage]] or human treasures.

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