Howard Hughes

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Near-fatal crash of the XF-11: maiden flight of second prototype; incorporates text copied from version 1286006642 of Hughes XF-11, see that page's history for full attribution

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Many attribute his long-term dependence on [[opioid|opiates]] to his use of [[codeine]] as a painkiller during his convalescence.<ref name=PPM.Tennant>{{cite journal |first=Forest |last=Tennant |date=July–August 2007 |title= Howard Hughes & Pseudoaddiction |url=http://pain-topics.org/pdf/HowardHughesPseudoaddict.pdf |journal= Practical Pain Management |publisher= PPM Communications, Inc. |location=Montclair, New Jersey |volume=6 |issue=7 |pages=12–29 |access-date=January 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925191015/http://pain-topics.org/pdf/HowardHughesPseudoaddict.pdf |archive-date=September 25, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yet Dietrich asserts that Hughes recovered the "hard way—no sleeping pills, no opiates of any kind".<ref name=Noah/>{{rp|195}} The trademark mustache he wore afterward hid a [[scar]] on his upper lip resulting from the accident.<ref>{{cite AV media |people=Bill Schwartz (director) |title=Howard Hughes – The Real Aviator |medium=DVD |location=Los Angeles, California |publisher=[[Shout! Factory]] |date=2004}}</ref>
Many attribute his long-term dependence on [[opioid|opiates]] to his use of [[codeine]] as a painkiller during his convalescence.<ref name=PPM.Tennant>{{cite journal |first=Forest |last=Tennant |date=July–August 2007 |title= Howard Hughes & Pseudoaddiction |url=http://pain-topics.org/pdf/HowardHughesPseudoaddict.pdf |journal= Practical Pain Management |publisher= PPM Communications, Inc. |location=Montclair, New Jersey |volume=6 |issue=7 |pages=12–29 |access-date=January 7, 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070925191015/http://pain-topics.org/pdf/HowardHughesPseudoaddict.pdf |archive-date=September 25, 2007 |url-status=dead }}</ref> Yet Dietrich asserts that Hughes recovered the "hard way—no sleeping pills, no opiates of any kind".<ref name=Noah/>{{rp|195}} The trademark mustache he wore afterward hid a [[scar]] on his upper lip resulting from the accident.<ref>{{cite AV media |people=Bill Schwartz (director) |title=Howard Hughes – The Real Aviator |medium=DVD |location=Los Angeles, California |publisher=[[Shout! Factory]] |date=2004}}</ref>

Hughes conducted the maiden flight of the second XF-11 prototype on April 5, 1947.{{sfn|Francillon|1990|p=76}} The USAAF had insisted that Hughes not be allowed to fly the aircraft, but after a personal appeal to Generals [[Ira Eaker]] and [[Carl Spaatz]], he was allowed to do so against posting of $5 million in security.{{sfn|Bartlett|Steele|2004|p=144}}<ref>{{cite book |last=Hansen |first=Chris |title=Enfant Terrible: The Times and Schemes of General Elliott Roosevelt |location=Tucson, Arizona |publisher=Able Baker Press |year=2012 |isbn=978-0-61566-892-5|p=562}}</ref> The USAAF demanded that the aircraft be trucked from Culver City to [[Muroc Dry Lake]] for the flight, fearing the repercussions of another crash in a populated area.{{sfn|Francillon|1990|p=76}}


====H-4 Hercules====
====H-4 Hercules====
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