History of Sarawak

In spite of the challengers between the Brooke's administration and the settlers during the early migration period, the migration has created a good opportunity for both parties. The Ibans, known for their extensive skills and knowledge on the forest and lands were approved to seek new lands to explore forst produce including [[camphor]], [[rattan]]s, wild [[Natural rubber|rubber]] and damar. The colonial government then approved permanent Iban settlements across the newly acquired territories of Sarawak. For instance, in the 1890 cessesion of Limbang, the Ibans were entrusted by the government to settle in the area. A correlating program can also be seen in Baram.<ref name="researchgate.net"/>

In spite of the challengers between the Brooke's administration and the settlers during the early migration period, the migration has created a good opportunity for both parties. The Ibans, known for their extensive skills and knowledge on the forest and lands were approved to seek new lands to explore forst produce including [[camphor]], [[rattan]]s, wild [[Natural rubber|rubber]] and damar. The colonial government then approved permanent Iban settlements across the newly acquired territories of Sarawak. For instance, in the 1890 cessesion of Limbang, the Ibans were entrusted by the government to settle in the area. A correlating program can also be seen in Baram.<ref name="researchgate.net"/>

Towards the end of the 19th century, there are several areas in Sarawak that recorded overpopulation, including Batang Lupar, Skrang Valley and Batang Ai. Thus, the Sarawakian govenmernment initiated a program to open up several territories for the Iban settlements, with several conditions. This can be seen on the unlimited migrations of Ibans heading to Baram, Balingan and Bintulu. A similar process can also be witnessed in the early 1900s, where the Ibans in the [[Sri Aman Division|Second Division]] were permitted to settle in Limbang, as well as the migrations of the Ibans to Batang Lupar from [[Lundu, Sarawak|Lundu]].<ref name="researchgate.net"/>

Towards the end of the 19th century, there are several areas in Sarawak that recorded overpopulation, including Batang Lupar, Skrang Valley and Batang Ai. Thus, the Sarawakian government initiated a program to open up several territories for the Iban settlements, with several conditions. This can be seen on the unlimited migrations of Ibans heading to Baram, Balingan and Bintulu. A similar process can also be witnessed in the early 1900s, where the Ibans in the [[Sri Aman Division|Second Division]] were permitted to settle in Limbang, as well as the migrations of the Ibans to Batang Lupar from [[Lundu, Sarawak|Lundu]].<ref name="researchgate.net"/>

The colonial government initiative has left a favourable effect on the expansion of the Iban language and culture throughout modern day Sarawak. At the same time, the mass migration has equally impacted other indigenous groups, for instance amongst the Bukitans in Batang Lupar, an intensive [[interethnic marriage|intermarriage]] by the Bukitan leaders resulted the Batang Lupar Bukitan populations assimilate in the Iban society. However, there are other groups that resulted in a fiercer relationship, for example the [[Ukit people|Ukits]], Seru, Miriek and Biliun in which their traditional communities were almost replaced the Ibans.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asal usul Melayu Sarawak: Menjejaki titik tak pasti|date=1 May 2023|url=https://www.malaycivilization.com.my/items/show/140348|access-date=6 December 2023|archive-date=1 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501072021/https://www.malaycivilization.com.my/items/show/140348|url-status=live}}</ref>

The colonial government initiative has left a favourable effect on the expansion of the Iban language and culture throughout modern day Sarawak. At the same time, the mass migration has equally impacted other indigenous groups, for instance amongst the Bukitans in Batang Lupar, an intensive [[interethnic marriage|intermarriage]] by the Bukitan leaders resulted the Batang Lupar Bukitan populations assimilate in the Iban society. However, there are other groups that resulted in a fiercer relationship, for example the [[Ukit people|Ukits]], Seru, Miriek and Biliun in which their traditional communities were almost replaced the Ibans.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Asal usul Melayu Sarawak: Menjejaki titik tak pasti|date=1 May 2023|url=https://www.malaycivilization.com.my/items/show/140348|access-date=6 December 2023|archive-date=1 May 2023|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230501072021/https://www.malaycivilization.com.my/items/show/140348|url-status=live}}</ref>