Greenhouse gas emissions

=== National accounts balance ===

=== National accounts balance ===

{{See also|Carbon leakage|}}

{{See also|Carbon leakage|}}

[[File:2019 Greenhouse gas emissions per capita by region - variwide bar chart - IPCC AR6 WG3 - Fig SPM.2c.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 | Substantial land-use change contributions to emissions have been made by Latin America, Southeast Asia, Africa, and Pacific Islands. Area of rectangles shows total emissions in 2019 for that region.<ref name=IPCCwg3Fig2c>Fig. SPM.2c from {{cite book |author1=Working Group III |date=4 April 2022 |title=Climate Change 2022 / Mitigation of Climate Change / Summary for Policymakers |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722045040/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf |archive-date=22 July 2023 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |page=10 |isbn=978-92-9169-160-9 }} GDP data is for 2019.</ref>]]

The national accounts balance tracks emissions based on the difference between a country's exports and imports. For many richer nations, the balance is negative because more goods are imported than they are exported. This result is mostly due to the fact that it is cheaper to produce goods outside of developed countries, leading developed countries to become increasingly dependent on services and not goods. A positive account balance would mean that more production was occurring within a country, so more operational factories would increase carbon emission levels.<ref name="holtz-eakin">{{cite journal|last=Holtz-Eakin|first=D.|year=1995|title=Stoking the fires? {{CO2}} emissions and economic growth|url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w4248.pdf|journal=[[Journal of Public Economics]]|volume=57|issue=1|pages=85–101|doi=10.1016/0047-2727(94)01449-X|s2cid=152513329}}</ref>

The national accounts balance tracks emissions based on the difference between a country's exports and imports. For many richer nations, the balance is negative because more goods are imported than they are exported. This result is mostly due to the fact that it is cheaper to produce goods outside of developed countries, leading developed countries to become increasingly dependent on services and not goods. A positive account balance would mean that more production was occurring within a country, so more operational factories would increase carbon emission levels.<ref name="holtz-eakin">{{cite journal|last=Holtz-Eakin|first=D.|year=1995|title=Stoking the fires? {{CO2}} emissions and economic growth|url=http://www.nber.org/papers/w4248.pdf|journal=[[Journal of Public Economics]]|volume=57|issue=1|pages=85–101|doi=10.1016/0047-2727(94)01449-X|s2cid=152513329}}</ref>

===== Land-use change =====

===== Land-use change =====

{{Main|Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture}}

{{Main|Greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture}}

[[File:2019 Greenhouse gas emissions per capita by region - variwide bar chart - IPCC AR6 WG3 - Fig SPM.2c.svg|thumb|upright=1.35 | Substantial land-use change contributions to emissions have been made by Latin America, Southeast Asia, Africa, and Pacific Islands. Area of rectangles shows total emissions in 2019 for that region.<ref name=IPCCwg3Fig2c>Fig. SPM.2c from {{cite book |author1=Working Group III |date=4 April 2022 |title=Climate Change 2022 / Mitigation of Climate Change / Summary for Policymakers |url=https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf |url-status=live |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230722045040/https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGIII_SummaryForPolicymakers.pdf |archive-date=22 July 2023 |publisher=Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change |page=10 |isbn=978-92-9169-160-9 }} GDP data is for 2019.</ref>]]

Land-use change, e.g., the clearing of forests for agricultural use, can affect the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere by altering how much carbon flows out of the atmosphere into [[carbon sink]]s.<ref>{{citation |title=Annex I: Glossary J–P |url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/annex1sglossary-j-p.html |editor1=B. Metz |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503041746/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/annex1sglossary-j-p.html |archive-date=3 May 2010 |editor2=O.R. Davidson |editor3=P.R. Bosch |editor4=R. Dave |editor5=L.A. Meyer |url-status=dead}}</ref> Accounting for land-use change can be understood as an attempt to measure "net" emissions, i.e., gross emissions from all sources minus the removal of emissions from the atmosphere by carbon sinks.<ref name="banuri" />{{Rp|92–93}}

Land-use change, e.g., the clearing of forests for agricultural use, can affect the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere by altering how much carbon flows out of the atmosphere into [[carbon sink]]s.<ref>{{citation |title=Annex I: Glossary J–P |url=http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/annex1sglossary-j-p.html |editor1=B. Metz |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100503041746/http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg3/en/annex1sglossary-j-p.html |archive-date=3 May 2010 |editor2=O.R. Davidson |editor3=P.R. Bosch |editor4=R. Dave |editor5=L.A. Meyer |url-status=dead}}</ref> Accounting for land-use change can be understood as an attempt to measure "net" emissions, i.e., gross emissions from all sources minus the removal of emissions from the atmosphere by carbon sinks.<ref name="banuri" />{{Rp|92–93}}