Draft:Byrnihat

==Transportation==

==Transportation==

===Railway===

===Railway===

Planned railway projects that go to Byrnihat include the [[Tetelia–Byrnihat line]] and the [[Byrnihat–Shillong line]]. These lines have faced much opposition in Meghalaya from various groups,<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=11 October 2023 |title=Meghalaya explores railway projects despite resistance |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/meghalaya-explores-railway-projects-despite-resistance-1503230424.html |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |access-date=11 June 2025}}</ref> especially the [[Khasi Students Union]] (KSU),{{efn|name=fn2|Other groups that oppose the railway projects include the Jaintia Students Union and the Hynñiewtrep Integrated Territorial Organisation.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=27 February 2025 |title=Return 270cr allotted for rail project: Centre to Meghalaya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/return-270cr-allotted-for-rail-project-centre-to-meghalaya/amp_articleshow/118610544.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |location=Shillong |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref>}} due to the fear that it would bring [[illegal immigrants]] into Meghalaya<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=18 August 2023 |title=Railway project in Meghalaya's East Jantia hills still on cards: Dy CM |url=https://northeastlivetv.com/around-ne/meghalaya/railway-project-in-meghalayas-east-jaintia-hills-still-on-cards-dy-cm/ |work=Northeast Live |access-date=11 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="Karlsson">{{cite book |last=Karlsson |first=Bengt G. |year=2011 |title=Unruly Hills: A Political Ecology of India's Northeast |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Unruly_Hills/_-MRFbForK4C |publisher=[[Berghahn Books]] |pages=66, 163 |isbn=9780857451057 |access-date=14 June 2025}}</ref> and turn the indigenous communities ([[Khasi people|Khasi]] and [[Garo people|Garo]] peoples) into minorities.<ref>{{cite news |last=Baruah |first=Sukrita |date=24 March 2025 |title=Why the Indian Railways is likely to shelve projects in Meghalaya |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/indian-railways-shelve-projects-meghalaya-9896452/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |location=[[Guwahati]] |access-date=14 June 2025}}</ref> The Byrnihat–Shillong line was cancelled in 2025.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=7 April 2025 |title=Scrapped rly project: M’laya to return Rs 209.37 cr to Centre |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2025/04/07/scrapped-rly-project-mlaya-to-return-rs-209-37-cr-to-centre/ |work=[[The Shillong Times]]|access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref> A line that goes from Azara in Assam to Byrnihat had also been proposed,<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=25 January 2008 |title=Protest cloud on rail project - Residents oppose Azara-Byrnihat link |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/protest-cloud-on-rail-project-residents-oppose-azara-byrnihat-link/cid/631327 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref> but was replaced by the Tetelia–Byrnihat line.<ref>{{cite book |last=Das |first=Pushpita |date=26 August 2024 |title=India's Approach to Border Management: From Barriers to Bridges |url=https://www.routledge.com/Indias-Approach-to-Border-Management-From-Barriers-to-Bridges/Das/p/book/9781032430126 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=213 |isbn=9781032430126 |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="SSRN22">{{cite SSRN |last1=Singh |first1=Suresh |last2=Roy |first2=Shashi Bhushan |date=8 July 2021 |title=Strengthening Railway Networks in Northeast India: A Key Driver to Deepen Sub-regional Connectivity and Trade |page=10 |ssrn=3875295}}</ref> In the 1980s, proposals to establish a [[wikt:railhead|railhead]] at Byrnihat were shelved due to protests by the KSU<ref name="EPW89">{{cite journal |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=10 June 1989 |title=Khasi Frustrations |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/1989/23/roots-specials/meghalaya-khasi-frustrations.html |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |volume=24 |issue=23 |publisher=Sameeksha Trust |jstor=4394923 |access-date=28 June 2025}}</ref> and arguments by the opposition in the Meghalayan parliament.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dev |first=S. Guru |date=9 September 1983 |title=Interview with Chairman of North East Council |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref>

Planned railway projects that go to Byrnihat include the [[Tetelia–Byrnihat line]] and the [[Byrnihat–Shillong line]]. These lines have faced much opposition in Meghalaya from various groups,<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=11 October 2023 |title=Meghalaya explores railway projects despite resistance |url=https://www.thestatesman.com/india/meghalaya-explores-railway-projects-despite-resistance-1503230424.html |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |access-date=11 June 2025}}</ref> especially the [[Khasi Students Union]] (KSU),{{efn|name=fn2|Other groups that oppose the railway projects include the Jaintia Students Union and the Hynñiewtrep Integrated Territorial Organisation.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=27 February 2025 |title=Return 270cr allotted for rail project: Centre to Meghalaya |url=https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/guwahati/return-270cr-allotted-for-rail-project-centre-to-meghalaya/amp_articleshow/118610544.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |location=Shillong |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref>}} due to the fear that it would bring [[illegal immigrants]] into Meghalaya<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=18 August 2023 |title=Railway project in Meghalaya's East Jantia hills still on cards: Dy CM |url=https://northeastlivetv.com/around-ne/meghalaya/railway-project-in-meghalayas-east-jaintia-hills-still-on-cards-dy-cm/ |work=Northeast Live |access-date=11 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="Karlsson">{{cite book |last=Karlsson |first=Bengt G. |year=2011 |title=Unruly Hills: A Political Ecology of India's Northeast |url=https://www.google.com/books/edition/Unruly_Hills/_-MRFbForK4C |publisher=[[Berghahn Books]] |pages=66, 163 |isbn=9780857451057 |access-date=14 June 2025}}</ref> and turn the indigenous communities ([[Khasi people|Khasi]] and [[Garo people|Garo]] peoples) into minorities.<ref>{{cite news |last=Baruah |first=Sukrita |date=24 March 2025 |title=Why the Indian Railways is likely to shelve projects in Meghalaya |url=https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/indian-railways-shelve-projects-meghalaya-9896452/ |work=[[The Indian Express]] |location=[[Guwahati]] |access-date=14 June 2025}}</ref> The Byrnihat–Shillong line was cancelled in 2025.<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=7 April 2025 |title=Scrapped rly project: M’laya to return Rs 209.37 cr to Centre |url=https://theshillongtimes.com/2025/04/07/scrapped-rly-project-mlaya-to-return-rs-209-37-cr-to-centre/ |work=[[The Shillong Times]]|access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref> A line that goes from Azara in Assam to Byrnihat had also been proposed,<ref>{{cite news |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=25 January 2008 |title=Protest cloud on rail project - Residents oppose Azara-Byrnihat link |url=https://www.telegraphindia.com/north-east/protest-cloud-on-rail-project-residents-oppose-azara-byrnihat-link/cid/631327 |work=[[The Telegraph (India)|The Telegraph]] |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref> but was replaced by the Tetelia–Byrnihat line.<ref>{{cite book |last=Das |first=Pushpita |date=26 August 2024 |title=India's Approach to Border Management: From Barriers to Bridges |url=https://www.routledge.com/Indias-Approach-to-Border-Management-From-Barriers-to-Bridges/Das/p/book/9781032430126 |publisher=[[Routledge]] |page=213 |isbn=9781032430126 |access-date=21 June 2025}}</ref><ref name="SSRN22">{{cite SSRN |last1=Singh |first1=Suresh |last2=Roy |first2=Shashi Bhushan |date=8 July 2021 |title=Strengthening Railway Networks in Northeast India: A Key Driver to Deepen Sub-regional Connectivity and Trade |page=10 |ssrn=3875295}}</ref> In the 1980s, proposals to establish a [[wikt:railhead|railhead]] at Byrnihat were shelved due to protests by the KSU<ref name="EPW89">{{cite journal |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=10 June 1989 |title=Khasi Frustrations |url=https://www.epw.in/journal/1989/23/roots-specials/meghalaya-khasi-frustrations.html |journal=[[Economic and Political Weekly]] |volume=24 |issue=23 |publisher=Sameeksha Trust |jstor=4394923 |access-date=28 June 2025}}</ref> and arguments by the opposition in the Meghalayan parliament.<ref>{{cite news |last=Dev |first=S. Guru |date=9 September 1983 |title=Interview with Chairman of North East Council |work=[[The Statesman (India)|The Statesman]] |location=[[Kolkata]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite magazine |author=<!-- not stated --> |date=30 September 1983 |title=Meghalaya: Tracking Trouble |magazine=[[India Today]] |publisher=[[Living Media India]]}}</ref>

==Geography==

==Geography==