Diabloceratops

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2020}}

{{Use mdy dates|date=September 2020}}

{{speciesbox

{{speciesbox

| fossil_range = [[Jurassic Park]], {{fossilrange|81.4|81}}

| fossil_range = [[Late Cretaceous]], {{fossilrange|81.4|81}}

| image = Triceratopslive.jpg

| image = Diabloceratops skull.jpg

| image_caption = Get Trolled!!!!

| image_caption = Restored skull

| genus = Peroceratops

| genus = Diabloceratops

| parent_authority = Kirkland and Hammond, 2010

| parent_authority = Kirkland and DeBlieux, 2010

| species = grantius

| species = eatoni

| authority = Kirkland and Hammond, 2010

| authority = Kirkland and DeBlieux, 2010

| display_parents = 2

| display_parents = 2

}}

}}

'''''Peroceratops''''' ({{IPAc-en|p|| ɛr|oʊ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə|t|ɒ|p|s}} {{respell|per|O|SERR|ə|tops}}) is an [[extinct]] [[genus]] of [[centrosaurine]] [[ceratopsian]] [[dinosaur]] that lived approximately 81.4-81 [[million years ago]] during the latter part of the [[Cretaceous]] [[Geological period|Period]] in what is now [[Utah]], in the United States.<ref name=KD10>{{cite book|author1=Kirkland, J.I.|author2=Hammond, J.H.|year=2010|chapter=New basal centrosaurine ceratopsian skulls from the Wahweap Formation (Middle Campanian), Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, southern Utah|editor1=Ryan, M.J.|editor2=Chinnery-Allgeier, B.J.|editor3=Eberth, D.A.|title=New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium|location=Bloomington|publisher=Indiana University Press|pages=117–140|isbn=978-0253353580}}</ref> ''Peroceratops'' was a medium-sized, moderately built, ground-dwelling, [[quadrupedal]] [[herbivore]], that could grow up to an estimated {{convert|4.5|m|ft}} in length and {{convert|1.3|MT|ST}} in body mass. At the time of its discovery, it was the oldest-known ceratopsid, and first centrosaurine known from [[latitude]]s south of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Montana]]. The generic name ''Diabloceratops'' means "but-horned face," coming from ''Pero'', Spanish for "but," and ''ceratops'', Latinized Greek for "horned face." The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] honors [[Alan Grant]], a [[paleontologist]] at Weber State University and long time friend of the lead author Jim Kirkland. Grant had a big role in this establishing the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument where the specimen was found. The [[type species]], ''Peroceratops Grantius'', was named and described in [[2010 in paleontology|2010]] by [[James Ian Kirkland]] and [[John Hammond]].

'''''Diabloceratops''''' ({{IPAc-en|d|aɪ|ˌ|æ|b|l|oʊ|ˈ|s|ɛr|ə|t|ɒ|p|s}} {{respell|dy|AB|loh|SERR|ə|tops}}) is an [[extinct]] [[genus]] of [[centrosaurine]] [[ceratopsian]] [[dinosaur]] that lived approximately 81.4-81 [[million years ago]] during the latter part of the [[Cretaceous]] [[Geological period|Period]] in what is now [[Utah]], in the United States.<ref name=KD10>{{cite book|author1=Kirkland, J.I.|author2=DeBlieux, D.D.|year=2010|chapter=New basal centrosaurine ceratopsian skulls from the Wahweap Formation (Middle Campanian), Grand Staircase–Escalante National Monument, southern Utah|editor1=Ryan, M.J.|editor2=Chinnery-Allgeier, B.J.|editor3=Eberth, D.A.|title=New Perspectives on Horned Dinosaurs: The Royal Tyrrell Museum Ceratopsian Symposium|location=Bloomington|publisher=Indiana University Press|pages=117–140|isbn=978-0253353580}}</ref> ''Diabloceratops'' was a medium-sized, moderately built, ground-dwelling, [[quadrupedal]] [[herbivore]], that could grow up to an estimated {{convert|4.5|m|ft}} in length and {{convert|1.3|MT|ST}} in body mass. At the time of its discovery, it was the oldest-known ceratopsid, and first centrosaurine known from [[latitude]]s south of the [[U.S. state]] of [[Montana]]. The generic name ''Diabloceratops'' means "devil-horned face," coming from ''Diablo'', Spanish for "devil," and ''ceratops'', Latinized Greek for "horned face." The [[specific name (zoology)|specific name]] honors [[Jeffrey Eaton]], a [[paleontologist]] at Weber State University and long time friend of the lead author Jim Kirkland. Eaton had a big role in establishing the Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument where the specimen was found. The [[type species]], ''Diabloceratops eatoni'', was named and described in [[2010 in paleontology|2010]] by [[James Ian Kirkland]] and [[Donald DeBlieux]].

==Discovery==

==Discovery==

===Paleofauna===

===Paleofauna===

''Diabloceratops'' shared its [[natural environment|paleoenvironment]] with other dinosaurs, such as the [[hadrosaur]] ''[[Acristavus]] gagslarsoni'',<ref name=acristavus>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gates | first1 = T. A. | last2 = Horner | first2 = J. R. | last3 = Hanna | first3 = R. R. | last4 = Nelson | first4 = C. R. | title = New unadorned hadrosaurine hadrosaurid (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) from the Campanian of North America | doi = 10.1080/02724634.2011.577854 | journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | volume = 31 | issue = 4 | pages = 798 | year = 2011 | bibcode = 2011JVPal..31..798G | s2cid = 8878474 }}</ref><ref name=geology.utah.gov>{{cite web|year=2007|title=New Horned Dinosaurs from the Wahweap Formation|url=http://geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/articles/pdf/horned_dinos_39-3.pdf|work=Utah Geology|access-date=December 11, 2013|archive-date=August 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827193623/http://www.geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/articles/pdf/horned_dinos_39-3.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the [[lambeosaur]] ''[[Adelolophus]] hutchisoni'',<ref>{{cite book |author1=Terry A. Gates |author2=Zubair Jinnah |author3=Carolyn Levitt |author4=Michael A. Getty |year=2014 |chapter=New hadrosaurid (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) specimens from the lower-middle Campanian Wahweap Formation of southern Utah |editor1=David A. Eberth |editor2=David C. Evans |title=Hadrosaurs: Proceedings of the International Hadrosaur Symposium |publisher=Indiana University Press |pages=156–173 |isbn=978-0-253-01385-9 }}</ref> unnamed ankylosaurs and pachycephalosaurs, and the [[theropod]] ''[[Lythronax]] argestes'', which was likely the [[apex predator]] in its ecosystem.<ref>John Wesley Powell Memorial Museum display, visited April 30th, 2009</ref><ref name=NHMU>{{cite web|title=''Diabloceratops eatoni''|url=http://www.nhmu.utah.edu/diabloceratops-eatoni|work=Natural History Museum of Utah|date=May 14, 2012|access-date=16 November 2013|archive-date=November 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113090316/http://www.nhmu.utah.edu/diabloceratops-eatoni|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>http://geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/articles/pdf/horned_dinos_39-3.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827193623/http://www.geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/articles/pdf/horned_dinos_39-3.pdf |date=August 27, 2013 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> Vertebrates present in the Wahweap Formation at the time of ''Diabloceratops'' included [[freshwater fish]], [[bowfin]]s, abundant [[Batoidea|ray]]s and [[sharks]], turtles like ''[[Compsemys]]'', crocodilians,<ref>Thompson, Cameron R. "A preliminary report on biostratigraphy of Cretaceous freshwater rays, Wahweap Formation and John Henry Member of the Straight Cliffs Formation, southern Utah." Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, vol.36, no.4, pp.91, Apr 2004</ref> and [[lungfish]].<ref>Orsulak, Megan et al. "A lungfish burrow in late Cretaceous upper capping sandstone member of the Wahweap Formation Cockscomb area, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah." Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, vol. 39, no. 5, pp.43, May 2007</ref> A fair number of mammals lived in this region, which included several genera of [[multituberculates]], [[cladotheria]]ns, [[marsupials]], and [[placental]] [[insectivores]].<ref>Eaton, Jeffrey G; Cifelli, Richard L. "Review of Cretaceous mammalian paleontology; Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah. ''Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America'', vol.37, no.7, pp.115, Oct 2005</ref> The mammals are more primitive than those that lived in the area that is now the [[Kaiparowits Formation]]. [[Trace fossil]]s are relatively abundant in the Wahweap Formation, and suggest the presence of [[crocodylomorphs]], as well as [[ornithischian]] and [[theropod]] dinosaurs.<ref>Tester, Edward et al. ''Isolated vertebrate tracks from the Upper Cretaceous capping sandstone member of the Wahweap Formation; Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah''Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, vol. 39, no. 5, pp.42, May 2007</ref> In 2010 a unique trace fossil was discovered that suggests a predator-prey relationship between dinosaurs and primitive mammals. The trace fossil includes at least two [[fossil]]ized [[mammal]]ian den complexes as well as associated digging grooves presumably caused by a [[maniraptora]]n dinosaur. The proximity indicates a case of probable active predation of the burrow inhabitants by the animals that made the claw marks.<ref name="Simpson">{{Cite journal|url=http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/38/8/699.abstract|doi = 10.1130/G31019.1|title = Predatory digging behavior by dinosaurs|year = 2010|last1 = Simpson|first1 = Edward L.|last2 = Hilbert-Wolf|first2 = Hannah L.|last3 = Wizevich|first3 = Michael C.|last4 = Tindall|first4 = Sarah E.|last5 = Fasinski|first5 = Ben R.|last6 = Storm|first6 = Lauren P.|last7 = Needle|first7 = Mattathias D.|journal = Geology|volume = 38|issue = 8|pages = 699–702|bibcode = 2010Geo....38..699S|url-access = subscription}}</ref> Invertebrate activity in this formation ranged from fossilized [[insect]] burrows in [[petrified log]]s<ref>De Blieux, Donald D. "Analysis of Jim's hadrosaur site; a dinosaur site in the middle Campanian (Cretaceous) Wahweap Formation of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM), southern Utah." Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, vol. 39, no. 5, pp.6, May 2007</ref> to various [[mollusk]]s, large [[crab]]s,<ref>Kirkland, James Ian. "An inventory of paleontological resources in the lower Wahweap Formation (lower Campanian), southern Kaiparowits Plateau, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah." Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, vol.37, no.7, pp.114, Oct 2005.</ref> and a wide diversity of [[gastropod]]s and [[ostracod]]s.<ref name="Williams">Williams, Jessica A J; Lohrengel, C Frederick. ''Preliminary study of freshwater gastropods in the Wahweap Formation, Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah.'' Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, vol. 39, no. 5, pp.43, May 2007</ref>

''Diabloceratops'' shared its [[natural environment|paleoenvironment]] with other dinosaurs, such as the [[hadrosaur]] ''[[Acristavus]] gagslarsoni'',<ref name=acristavus>{{Cite journal | last1 = Gates | first1 = T. A. | last2 = Horner | first2 = J. R. | last3 = Hanna | first3 = R. R. | last4 = Nelson | first4 = C. R. | title = New unadorned hadrosaurine hadrosaurid (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) from the Campanian of North America | doi = 10.1080/02724634.2011.577854 | journal = Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology | volume = 31 | issue = 4 | pages = 798 | year = 2011 | bibcode = 2011JVPal..31..798G | s2cid = 8878474 }}</ref><ref name=geology.utah.gov>{{cite web|year=2007|title=New Horned Dinosaurs from the Wahweap Formation|url=http://geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/articles/pdf/horned_dinos_39-3.pdf|work=Utah Geology|access-date=December 11, 2013|archive-date=August 27, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827193623/http://www.geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/articles/pdf/horned_dinos_39-3.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> and the [[lambeosaur]] ''[[Adelolophus]] hutchisoni'',<ref>{{cite book |author1=Terry A. Gates |author2=Zubair Jinnah |author3=Carolyn Levitt |author4=Michael A. Getty |year=2014 |chapter=New hadrosaurid (Dinosauria, Ornithopoda) specimens from the lower-middle Campanian Wahweap Formation of southern Utah |editor1=David A. Eberth |editor2=David C. Evans |title=Hadrosaurs: Proceedings of the International Hadrosaur Symposium |publisher=Indiana University Press |pages=156–173 |isbn=978-0-253-01385-9 }}</ref> unnamed ankylosaurs and pachycephalosaurs, and the [[theropod]] ''[[Lythronax]] argestes'', which was likely the [[apex predator]] in its ecosystem.<ref>John Wesley Powell Memorial Museum display, visited April 30th, 2009</ref><ref name=NHMU>{{cite web|title=''Diabloceratops eatoni''|url=http://www.nhmu.utah.edu/diabloceratops-eatoni|work=Natural History Museum of Utah|date=May 14, 2012|access-date=16 November 2013|archive-date=November 13, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131113090316/http://www.nhmu.utah.edu/diabloceratops-eatoni|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>http://geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/articles/pdf/horned_dinos_39-3.pdf {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130827193623/http://www.geology.utah.gov/surveynotes/articles/pdf/horned_dinos_39-3.pdf |date=August 27, 2013 }} {{Bare URL PDF|date=March 2022}}</ref> Vertebrates present in the Wahweap Formation at the time of ''Diabloceratops'' included [[freshwater fish]], [[bowfin]]s, abundant [[Batoidea|ray]]s and [[sharks]], turtles like ''[[Compsemys]]'', crocodilians,<ref>Thompson, Cameron R. "A preliminary report on biostratigraphy of Cretaceous freshwater rays, Wahweap Formation and John Henry Member of the Straight Cliffs Formation, southern Utah." Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, vol.36, no.4, pp.91, Apr 2004</ref> and [[lungfish]].<ref>Orsulak, Megan et al. "A lungfish burrow in late Cretaceous upper capping sandstone member of the Wahweap Formation Cockscomb area, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah." Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, vol. 39, no. 5, pp.43, May 2007</ref> A fair number of mammals lived in this region, which included several genera of [[multituberculates]], [[cladotheria]]ns, [[marsupials]], and [[placental]] [[insectivores]].<ref>Eaton, Jeffrey G; Cifelli, Richard L. "Review of Cretaceous mammalian paleontology; Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah.'' Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, vol.37, no.7, pp.115, Oct 2005</ref> The mammals are more primitive than those that lived in the area that is now the [[Kaiparowits Formation]]. [[Trace fossil]]s are relatively abundant in the Wahweap Formation, and suggest the presence of [[crocodylomorphs]], as well as [[ornithischian]] and [[theropod]] dinosaurs.<ref>Tester, Edward et al. ''Isolated vertebrate tracks from the Upper Cretaceous capping sandstone member of the Wahweap Formation; Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah''Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, vol. 39, no. 5, pp.42, May 2007</ref> In 2010 a unique trace fossil was discovered that suggests a predator-prey relationship between dinosaurs and primitive mammals. The trace fossil includes at least two [[fossil]]ized [[mammal]]ian den complexes as well as associated digging grooves presumably caused by a [[maniraptora]]n dinosaur. The proximity indicates a case of probable active predation of the burrow inhabitants by the animals that made the claw marks.<ref name="Simpson">{{Cite journal|url=http://geology.gsapubs.org/content/38/8/699.abstract|doi = 10.1130/G31019.1|title = Predatory digging behavior by dinosaurs|year = 2010|last1 = Simpson|first1 = Edward L.|last2 = Hilbert-Wolf|first2 = Hannah L.|last3 = Wizevich|first3 = Michael C.|last4 = Tindall|first4 = Sarah E.|last5 = Fasinski|first5 = Ben R.|last6 = Storm|first6 = Lauren P.|last7 = Needle|first7 = Mattathias D.|journal = Geology|volume = 38|issue = 8|pages = 699–702|bibcode = 2010Geo....38..699S|url-access = subscription}}</ref> Invertebrate activity in this formation ranged from fossilized [[insect]] burrows in [[petrified log]]s<ref>De Blieux, Donald D. "Analysis of Jim's hadrosaur site; a dinosaur site in the middle Campanian (Cretaceous) Wahweap Formation of Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument (GSENM), southern Utah." Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, vol. 39, no. 5, pp.6, May 2007</ref> to various [[mollusk]]s, large [[crab]]s,<ref>Kirkland, James Ian. "An inventory of paleontological resources in the lower Wahweap Formation (lower Campanian), southern Kaiparowits Plateau, Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument, Utah." Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, vol.37, no.7, pp.114, Oct 2005.</ref> and a wide diversity of [[gastropod]]s and [[ostracod]]s.<ref name="Williams">Williams, Jessica A J; Lohrengel, C Frederick. ''Preliminary study of freshwater gastropods in the Wahweap Formation, Bryce Canyon National Park, Utah.'' Abstracts with Programs - Geological Society of America, vol. 39, no. 5, pp.43, May 2007</ref>

==See also==

==See also==