Deuterated drug

==Mode of action==

==Mode of action==

Hydrogen is a chemical element with an atomic number of 1. It has one proton and one electron. Deuterium is the heavier naturally-occurring stable isotope of hydrogen. [[Deuterium]] was discovered by [[Harold Urey]] in 1931, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1934. The [[deuterium isotope effect]] has become an important tool in the elucidation of the mechanism of chemical reactions. Deuterium contains one proton, one electron, and a neutron, effectively doubling the mass of the deuterium isotope without changing its properties significantly. However, the C–D bond is a bit shorter,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bartell LS, Roth EA, Hollowell CD, Kuchitsu K, Young Jr JE | title = Electron-Diffraction Study of the Structures of C₂H₄ and C₂D₄ | journal = The Journal of Chemical Physics | date = April 1965 | volume = 42 | issue = 8 | pages = 2683–6 | doi = 10.1063/1.1703223 | bibcode = 1965JChPh..42.2683B }}</ref> and it has reduced electronic polarizability and less [[Hyperconjugation|hyperconjugative]] stabilization of adjacent bonds, including developing an [[Antibonding molecular orbital|anti-bonding orbital]] as part of the newly formed bond. This can potentially result in weaker [[Van der Waals force|van der Waals]] stabilization, and can produce other changes in properties that are difficult to predict, including changes in the intramolecular volume and the [[transition state]] volume.<ref name="pmid24294889"/> Substituting deuterium for hydrogen yields deuterated compounds that are similar in size and shape to hydrogen-based compounds.

Hydrogen is a chemical element with an atomic number of 1. Its most common isotope, sometimes called "protium", has one proton and one electron. [[Deuterium]], often indicated by the symbol ''D'', is the heavier naturally-occurring stable isotope of hydrogen. Deuterium was discovered by [[Harold Urey]] in 1931, for which he received the Nobel Prize in 1934. The [[deuterium isotope effect]] has become an important tool in the elucidation of the mechanism of chemical reactions. Deuterium contains one proton, one electron, and additionally one neutron, effectively doubling the mass of the hydrogen atom without changing its properties significantly. However, the carbon–deuterium (C–D) bond is slightly shorter,<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Bartell LS, Roth EA, Hollowell CD, Kuchitsu K, Young Jr JE | title = Electron-Diffraction Study of the Structures of C₂H₄ and C₂D₄ | journal = The Journal of Chemical Physics | date = April 1965 | volume = 42 | issue = 8 | pages = 2683–6 | doi = 10.1063/1.1703223 | bibcode = 1965JChPh..42.2683B }}</ref> and it has reduced electronic polarizability and less [[Hyperconjugation|hyperconjugative]] stabilization of adjacent bonds, including developing an [[Antibonding molecular orbital|anti-bonding orbital]] as part of the newly formed bond. This can potentially result in weaker [[Van der Waals force|van der Waals]] stabilization, and can produce other changes in molecular properties that are difficult to predict, including changes in the intramolecular volume and the [[transition state]] volume.<ref name="pmid24294889"/> Substituting deuterium for hydrogen yields "deuterated" compounds that are similar in size and shape to hydrogen-based compounds.

==History==

==History==