Deng's Six Conceptions

'''Deng's Six Conceptions''' ({{zh|t=邓六条|p=Dèng Liùtiáo}}) are six principles for resolving the Taiwan issue proposed by [[Deng Xiaoping]], then Chairman of the [[Central Advisory Commission]], when he met with Professor Yang Liyu of [[Seton Hall University]] in [[New Jersey]], the United States, on June 26, 1983. The main points of this conversation are included in the third volume of ''Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping'', entitled "Concepts on the Peaceful Reunification of Mainland China and Taiwan". Its principles and ideas are roughly the same as the "one country, two systems " concept.

'''Deng's Six Conceptions''' ({{lang-zh|t=邓六条|p=Dèng Liùtiáo}}) are six principles for resolving the Taiwan issue proposed by [[Deng Xiaoping]], then Chairman of the [[Central Advisory Commission]], when he met with Professor Yang Liyu of [[Seton Hall University]] in [[New Jersey]], the United States, on June 26, 1983. The main points of this conversation are included in the third volume of ''Selected Works of Deng Xiaoping'', entitled "Concepts on the Peaceful Reunification of Mainland China and Taiwan". Its principles and ideas are roughly the same as the "one country, two systems " concept.

Between 1979 and 1982, Yang Liyu visited mainland China 11 times. In March 1983, at the annual meeting of the Asian Studies Association in San Francisco, Yang Liyu listed "The Prospects of China's Unification" as one of the discussion topics. At the meeting, Qiu Hongda, who was regarded as President Chiang Ching-kuo's representative, put forward the conditions for peace talks that were considered to represent the Republic of China. Deng Xiaoping believed that his misunderstanding was too deep and was willing to clarify it in person. During the talks on June 26, Deng Xiaoping was accompanied by Yang Shangkun, member of the Political Bureau of the CCP Central Committee, Vice Chairman and Secretary-General of the Central Military Commission (in charge of Taiwan affairs), Deng Liqun, Secretary of the CCP Central Committee Secretariat and Minister of the Central Propaganda Department, Wang Feng, Deputy Head of the Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs, and Ma Hong, President of the [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]].<ref name="a1">{{Cite web |author=蒋永青 |date=2014-11-24 |title=邓小平殚精竭虑解决台湾问题 |url=http://dangshi.people.com.cn/n/2014/1124/c85037-26078979-3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327172429/http://dangshi.people.com.cn/n/2014/1124/c85037-26078979-3.html |archive-date=2019-03-27 |accessdate=2019-03-27 |work=责编：张湘忆、谢磊 |publisher=中国共产党新闻网 |language=Zh-hans |url-status=live}}</ref>

Between 1979 and 1982, Yang Liyu visited mainland China 11 times. In March 1983, at the annual meeting of the Asian Studies Association in San Francisco, Yang Liyu listed "The Prospects of China's Unification" as one of the discussion topics. At the meeting, Qiu Hongda, who was regarded as President Chiang Ching-kuo's representative, put forward the conditions for peace talks that were considered to represent the Republic of China. Deng Xiaoping believed that his misunderstanding was too deep and was willing to clarify it in person. During the talks on June 26, Deng Xiaoping was accompanied by Yang Shangkun, member of the Political Bureau of the CCP Central Committee, Vice Chairman and Secretary-General of the Central Military Commission (in charge of Taiwan affairs), Deng Liqun, Secretary of the CCP Central Committee Secretariat and Minister of the Central Propaganda Department, Wang Feng, Deputy Head of the Central Leading Group for Taiwan Affairs, and Ma Hong, President of the [[Chinese Academy of Social Sciences]].<ref name="a1">{{Cite web |author=蒋永青 |date=2014-11-24 |title=邓小平殚精竭虑解决台湾问题 |url=http://dangshi.people.com.cn/n/2014/1124/c85037-26078979-3.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327172429/http://dangshi.people.com.cn/n/2014/1124/c85037-26078979-3.html |archive-date=2019-03-27 |accessdate=2019-03-27 |work=责编：张湘忆、谢磊 |publisher=中国共产党新闻网 |language=Zh-hans |url-status=live}}</ref>

== Content ==

== Content ==

Main points of Deng Xiaoping’s conversation with Yang Liyu, originally published in the People’s Daily on June 26, 1983:<ref name="a5">{{Cite web |author= |date=2004-12-20 |editor=何晶茹 |title=邓小平中国大陆和台湾和平统一设想 |url=http://tw.people.com.cn/GB/26741/42246/42248/3066368.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218131512/http://tw.people.com.cn/GB/26741/42246/42248/3066368.html |archive-date=2007-02-18 |accessdate=2023-02-18 |work= |publisher=人民网，原载1983年6月26日《人民日报》 |language=Zh-hans |url-status=dead}}</ref>

Main points of Deng Xiaoping's conversation with Yang Liyu, originally published in the People's Daily on June 26, 1983:<ref name="a5">{{Cite web |author= |date=2004-12-20 |editor=何晶茹 |title=邓小平中国大陆和台湾和平统一设想 |url=http://tw.people.com.cn/GB/26741/42246/42248/3066368.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070218131512/http://tw.people.com.cn/GB/26741/42246/42248/3066368.html |archive-date=2007-02-18 |accessdate=2023-02-18 |work= |publisher=人民网，原载1983年6月26日《人民日报》 |language=Zh-hans |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{cquote|The core of the issue is the reunification of the motherland. Peaceful reunification has become the common language of the KMT and the CPC. But it is not that I will eat you, nor that you will eat me. We hope that the KMT and the CPC will jointly achieve national reunification and that everyone will contribute to the Chinese nation.

{{cquote|The core of the issue is the reunification of the motherland. Peaceful reunification has become the common language of the KMT and the CPC. But it is not that I will eat you, nor that you will eat me. We hope that the KMT and the CPC will jointly achieve national reunification and that everyone will contribute to the Chinese nation.

== Change of the country's name ==

== Change of the country's name ==

Since the publication of Deng Xiaoping's Six Points in the People's Daily on June 26, 1983, famous figures on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, including former Kuomintang Chairman Hung Hsiu-chu as well as ordinary Taiwanese people have all said that during the Deng Xiaoping era, the PRC had negotiated on the national flag, national name and national anthem between the two governments.<ref name="a2">{{Cite web |author= |date=2016-08-22 |title=李杰：解决台湾问题有三种可能 偏绿人士称不会坐以待毙 |url=http://phtv.ifeng.com/a/20160822/44440310_0.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502090207/http://phtv.ifeng.com/a/20160822/44440310_0.shtml |archive-date=2019-05-02 |accessdate=2019-03-27 |work= |publisher=凤凰网 |language=Zh-hans |quote=[[丁学良]]：[……]第一步问题还是解决国号问题，就是国家，国号问题。我认为邓小平时候讲过的一句话，我到现在为止都认为是代表了中国共产党老一代领导人的最高智慧，只要愿意谈，在一个中国前提之下，国号、国旗都可以谈。[[邱震海]]：但是我跟你说丁教授，邓小平提出这个话是30多年之前。[……]李杰：我觉得是这样[……]当年的一些说法，或者是一些提法，我觉得在新形势条件下可能要改变。邱震海：这个话说的很委婉。吴斯怀：不太可能了。邱震海：其实时机已经过去了。 |agency=凤凰卫视 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="a22">{{Cite web |author= |date=2016-08-22 |title=李杰：解决台湾问题有三种可能 偏绿人士称不会坐以待毙 |url=http://phtv.ifeng.com/a/20160822/44440310_0.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502090207/http://phtv.ifeng.com/a/20160822/44440310_0.shtml |archive-date=2019-05-02 |accessdate=2019-03-27 |work= |publisher=凤凰网 |language=Zh-hans |quote=[[丁学良]]：[……]第一步问题还是解决国号问题，就是国家，国号问题。我认为邓小平时候讲过的一句话，我到现在为止都认为是代表了中国共产党老一代领导人的最高智慧，只要愿意谈，在一个中国前提之下，国号、国旗都可以谈。[[邱震海]]：但是我跟你说丁教授，邓小平提出这个话是30多年之前。[……]李杰：我觉得是这样[……]当年的一些说法，或者是一些提法，我觉得在新形势条件下可能要改变。邱震海：这个话说的很委婉。吴斯怀：不太可能了。邱震海：其实时机已经过去了。 |agency=凤凰卫视 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |author=记者：高杨 |date=2022-08-27 |editor= |title=面对统一，台湾政治人物不该再犹豫 |url=http://www.rmzxb.com.cn/c/2022-08-27/3189357.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810221138/https://www.rmzxb.com.cn/c/2022-08-27/3189357.shtml |archive-date=2023-08-10 |accessdate=2023-02-18 |website=人民政协网 |publisher= |language=Zh-hans |quote=长期拒绝和大陆政治谈判，台湾失去最好的机会 看了日前发布的台湾问题白皮书，在北京大学读研究生的台湾省籍小黄同学有点焦虑感[……]“大陆当时还谈过，只要在一个中国前提下，两岸什么都可以谈，包括国号、国旗、国歌等。”小黄同学表示，2000年的白皮书第四部分“两岸关系中设计一个中国原则的若干问题”中，虽然没有重述第一次白皮书中的上述关于统一后军队等问题，但依旧明确，“在一个中国原则下，两岸什么问题都可以谈。” |url-status=live}}</ref> On October 29, 2001, then- state leader Jiang Zemin met with a delegation from the China Unification Alliance in Zhongnanhai, Beijing.<ref>{{Cite web |author= |date=2001-11-02 |editor= |title=江泽民对台访团重申[一个中国] |url=https://www.voachinese.com/a/a-21-a-2001-11-02-18-1-58392647/1080347.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225020852/https://www.voachinese.com/a/a-21-a-2001-11-02-18-1-58392647/1080347.html |archive-date=2023-02-25 |accessdate=2023-02-25 |website=美国之音网站 |work= |publisher= |language=Zh-hans |quote= |url-status=live}}</ref> Hong Kong's Wen Wei Po published an editorial, mentioning that Deng Xiaoping had said in a meeting with Yang Liyu that the name of the PRC could be changed as long as they could recognize one China. The editorial further stated that "the mainland has repeatedly made it clear that under the " one China " principle, everything can be discussed. This of course includes the name, national flag and national anthem after the unification of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait."<ref name="a3">{{Cite web |author= |date=2001-11-05 |title=文汇社评：陈水扁倒打一耙的伎俩 |url=http://paper.wenweipo.com/2001/11/05/WW0111050001.htm |accessdate=2020-04-19 |work= |publisher=[[香港文汇报]] [[社评]] |language=Zh-hans |quote=祖国大陆多次明确表示，在“一个中国”原则下，什么都可以谈。这当然包括两岸统一之后的国号、国旗、国歌等。而邓小平早在八三年会见美国华人学者杨力宇时就曾表示，“问题的核心是祖国统一”，“如果能够统一，国号也可以改”。可见，祖国大陆为了促进两岸和平统一，在祖国统一即“一个中国”的核心原则之下，展示出了极大的诚意和包容性与灵活性。}}</ref>

Since the publication of Deng Xiaoping's Six Points in the People's Daily on June 26, 1983, famous figures on both sides of the Taiwan Strait, including former Kuomintang Chairman Hung Hsiu-chu as well as ordinary Taiwanese people have all said that during the Deng Xiaoping era, the PRC had negotiated on the national flag, national name and national anthem between the two governments.<ref name="a22">{{Cite web |author= |date=2016-08-22 |title=李杰：解决台湾问题有三种可能 偏绿人士称不会坐以待毙 |url=http://phtv.ifeng.com/a/20160822/44440310_0.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190502090207/http://phtv.ifeng.com/a/20160822/44440310_0.shtml |archive-date=2019-05-02 |accessdate=2019-03-27 |work= |publisher=凤凰网 |language=Zh-hans |quote=[[丁学良]]：[……]第一步问题还是解决国号问题，就是国家，国号问题。我认为邓小平时候讲过的一句话，我到现在为止都认为是代表了中国共产党老一代领导人的最高智慧，只要愿意谈，在一个中国前提之下，国号、国旗都可以谈。[[邱震海]]：但是我跟你说丁教授，邓小平提出这个话是30多年之前。[……]李杰：我觉得是这样[……]当年的一些说法，或者是一些提法，我觉得在新形势条件下可能要改变。邱震海：这个话说的很委婉。吴斯怀：不太可能了。邱震海：其实时机已经过去了。 |agency=凤凰卫视 |url-status=live}}</ref><ref name="a22"/><ref>{{Cite web |author=记者：高杨 |date=2022-08-27 |editor= |title=面对统一，台湾政治人物不该再犹豫 |url=http://www.rmzxb.com.cn/c/2022-08-27/3189357.shtml |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230810221138/https://www.rmzxb.com.cn/c/2022-08-27/3189357.shtml |archive-date=2023-08-10 |accessdate=2023-02-18 |website=人民政协网 |publisher= |language=Zh-hans |quote=长期拒绝和大陆政治谈判，台湾失去最好的机会 看了日前发布的台湾问题白皮书，在北京大学读研究生的台湾省籍小黄同学有点焦虑感[……]“大陆当时还谈过，只要在一个中国前提下，两岸什么都可以谈，包括国号、国旗、国歌等。”小黄同学表示，2000年的白皮书第四部分“两岸关系中设计一个中国原则的若干问题”中，虽然没有重述第一次白皮书中的上述关于统一后军队等问题，但依旧明确，“在一个中国原则下，两岸什么问题都可以谈。” |url-status=live}}</ref> On October 29, 2001, then- state leader Jiang Zemin met with a delegation from the China Unification Alliance in Zhongnanhai, Beijing.<ref>{{Cite web |author= |date=2001-11-02 |editor= |title=江泽民对台访团重申[一个中国] |url=https://www.voachinese.com/a/a-21-a-2001-11-02-18-1-58392647/1080347.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230225020852/https://www.voachinese.com/a/a-21-a-2001-11-02-18-1-58392647/1080347.html |archive-date=2023-02-25 |accessdate=2023-02-25 |website=美国之音网站 |work= |publisher= |language=Zh-hans |quote= |url-status=live}}</ref> Hong Kong's Wen Wei Po published an editorial, mentioning that Deng Xiaoping had said in a meeting with Yang Liyu that the name of the PRC could be changed as long as they could recognize one China. The editorial further stated that "the mainland has repeatedly made it clear that under the " one China " principle, everything can be discussed. This of course includes the name, national flag and national anthem after the unification of the two sides of the Taiwan Strait."<ref name="a3">{{Cite web |author= |date=2001-11-05 |title=文汇社评：陈水扁倒打一耙的伎俩 |url=http://paper.wenweipo.com/2001/11/05/WW0111050001.htm |accessdate=2020-04-19 |work= |publisher=[[香港文汇报]] [[社评]] |language=Zh-hans |quote=祖国大陆多次明确表示，在“一个中国”原则下，什么都可以谈。这当然包括两岸统一之后的国号、国旗、国歌等。而邓小平早在八三年会见美国华人学者杨力宇时就曾表示，“问题的核心是祖国统一”，“如果能够统一，国号也可以改”。可见，祖国大陆为了促进两岸和平统一，在祖国统一即“一个中国”的核心原则之下，展示出了极大的诚意和包容性与灵活性。}}</ref>

Deng Xiaoping’s view that the name of the People’s Republic of China could be changed for the sake of the great cause of unification was not included in Deng’s Six Points published in the People’s Daily on June 26, 1983. However, the view that “under the ‘one China’ principle, everything can be discussed” was generally accepted and continued by the top leaders, including the government. In November 2002, Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the CCP Central Committee, reiterated in his report at the 16th CCP National Congress that “under the ‘one China’ principle, everything can be discussed”, which was summarized as “ three things that can be discussed ”. After that, the basic principles and bottom line were determined.

Deng Xiaoping's view that the name of the People's Republic of China could be changed for the sake of the great cause of unification was not included in Deng's Six Points published in the People's Daily on June 26, 1983. However, the view that “under the ‘one China’ principle, everything can be discussed” was generally accepted and continued by the top leaders, including the government. In November 2002, Jiang Zemin, General Secretary of the CCP Central Committee, reiterated in his report at the 16th CCP National Congress that “under the ‘one China’ principle, everything can be discussed”, which was summarized as “ three things that can be discussed ”. After that, the basic principles and bottom line were determined.

In December 2012, Taiwan held a forum to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the " 1992 Consensus ". During the meeting, mainland scholars said that once the two sides reach a consensus on "one China, two representatives", they can negotiate the country's name. In response to the suggestion of negotiating the country's name, Fan Liqing, spokesperson for the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council, reiterated at a regular press conference that "as long as we adhere to one China, the two sides can discuss anything." In the 2010s, the economic strength of the People's Republic of China has increased, and it is no longer far inferior to the Republic of China (Taiwan) in the 1980s.<ref>{{Cite web |author= |date=2012-12-26 |title=国台办回应两岸可以协商“国号”建议 |url=http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2012/1226/c70731-20025125.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327162726/http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2012/1226/c70731-20025125.html |archive-date=2019-03-27 |accessdate=2019-03-27 |work= |publisher=人民网 |language=Zh-hans |agency=中国网 |url-status=live}}</ref> On August 21, 2016, in Phoenix TV 's "Global Grand Strategy", PLA Navy expert Li Jie responded to Qiu Zhenhai's question about " the two sides can discuss the name of the unified country" raised by scholar Ding Xueliang, and believed that with the development of the times, both hard power and soft power of mainland China are developing. Some of the statements made back then may need to be changed under the new situation. Wu Sihuai expressed his agreement.<ref name="a22" />

In December 2012, Taiwan held a forum to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the " 1992 Consensus ". During the meeting, mainland scholars said that once the two sides reach a consensus on "one China, two representatives", they can negotiate the country's name. In response to the suggestion of negotiating the country's name, Fan Liqing, spokesperson for the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council, reiterated at a regular press conference that "as long as we adhere to one China, the two sides can discuss anything." In the 2010s, the economic strength of the People's Republic of China has increased, and it is no longer far inferior to the Republic of China (Taiwan) in the 1980s.<ref>{{Cite web |author= |date=2012-12-26 |title=国台办回应两岸可以协商“国号”建议 |url=http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2012/1226/c70731-20025125.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190327162726/http://politics.people.com.cn/n/2012/1226/c70731-20025125.html |archive-date=2019-03-27 |accessdate=2019-03-27 |work= |publisher=人民网 |language=Zh-hans |agency=中国网 |url-status=live}}</ref> On August 21, 2016, in Phoenix TV 's "Global Grand Strategy", PLA Navy expert Li Jie responded to Qiu Zhenhai's question about " the two sides can discuss the name of the unified country" raised by scholar Ding Xueliang, and believed that with the development of the times, both hard power and soft power of mainland China are developing. Some of the statements made back then may need to be changed under the new situation. Wu Sihuai expressed his agreement.<ref name="a22" />

In early February 2022, former Kuomintang Chairwoman Hung Hsiu-chu went to Beijing to attend the opening ceremony of the Beijing Winter Olympics and met with CPPCC Chairman Wang Yang. She was later interviewed by Deutsche Welle. She said: "During Deng Xiaoping's time, as long as the two sides sat down to talk, they could discuss the national flag, the country's name, and the national anthem. Even my family would talk about everything. But that time has passed, and we have lost the space where we had good bargaining chips and could talk."<ref name="a2" />

In early February 2022, former Kuomintang Chairwoman Hung Hsiu-chu went to Beijing to attend the opening ceremony of the Beijing Winter Olympics and met with CPPCC Chairman Wang Yang. She was later interviewed by Deutsche Welle. She said: "During Deng Xiaoping's time, as long as the two sides sat down to talk, they could discuss the national flag, the country's name, and the national anthem. Even my family would talk about everything. But that time has passed, and we have lost the space where we had good bargaining chips and could talk."<ref name="a22"/>

== References ==

== References ==

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{{Deng Xiaoping}}{{Cross-strait relations}}

{{Deng Xiaoping}}{{Cross-strait relations}}

[[Category:1983 in China]]

[[Category:1983 in China]]

[[Category:Chinese unification]]

[[Category:Chinese unification]]