Bradley effect

* During the early 1990s electoral contests with former [[Ku Klux Klan]] leader and [[Nazi]] sympathizer [[David Duke]], many potential voters would not tell pollsters that they favored Duke (as they feared the ostracization that could result from being on record as being a Duke supporter), but would go on to vote for him anyway. The commentary at that time was that Duke "flies under the radar."{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}

* During the early 1990s electoral contests with former [[Ku Klux Klan]] leader and [[Nazi]] sympathizer [[David Duke]], many potential voters would not tell pollsters that they favored Duke (as they feared the ostracization that could result from being on record as being a Duke supporter), but would go on to vote for him anyway. The commentary at that time was that Duke "flies under the radar."{{Citation needed|date=September 2009}}

==Mid–1990s==

==Mid-1990s==

[[Image:Colin Powell official Secretary of State photo.jpg|thumb|160px|right|[[Colin Powell]] was reportedly warned of the Bradley effect when he was considered to be a potential 1996 presidential candidate.]] In 1995, when [[Colin Powell]]'s name was floated as a possible 1996 Republican presidential candidate, Powell reportedly spoke of being cautioned by publisher [[Earl G. Graves, Sr.|Earl G. Graves]] about the phenomenon described by the Bradley effect. With regard to opinion polls showing Powell leading a hypothetical race with then-incumbent [[Bill Clinton]], Powell was quoted as saying, "Every time I see Earl Graves, he says, 'Look, man, don't let them hand you no crap. When <nowiki>[white voters]</nowiki> go in that booth, they ain't going to vote for you.'"<ref name=Polman /><ref>Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (September 25, 1995). "{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20061114022147/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/content/articles/011022fr_archive01 Powell and the Black Elite]}}", ''[[The New Yorker]]''</ref>

[[Image:Colin Powell official Secretary of State photo.jpg|thumb|160px|right|[[Colin Powell]] was reportedly warned of the Bradley effect when he was considered to be a potential 1996 presidential candidate.]] In 1995, when [[Colin Powell]]'s name was floated as a possible 1996 Republican presidential candidate, Powell reportedly spoke of being cautioned by publisher [[Earl G. Graves, Sr.|Earl G. Graves]] about the phenomenon described by the Bradley effect. With regard to opinion polls showing Powell leading a hypothetical race with then-incumbent [[Bill Clinton]], Powell was quoted as saying, "Every time I see Earl Graves, he says, 'Look, man, don't let them hand you no crap. When <nowiki>[white voters]</nowiki> go in that booth, they ain't going to vote for you.'"<ref name=Polman /><ref>Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (September 25, 1995). "{{usurped|1=[https://web.archive.org/web/20061114022147/http://www.newyorker.com/archive/content/articles/011022fr_archive01 Powell and the Black Elite]}}", ''[[The New Yorker]]''</ref>