Bengal Volunteers

* The Action Squad, responsible for executing revolutionary operations, was headed by [[Rasamoy Sur]], with key members including [[Haridas Dutta]], [[Prafulla Dutta]], [[Nikunja Sen]], [[Supati Roy]], and [[Suresh Majumdar]].

* The Action Squad, responsible for executing revolutionary operations, was headed by [[Rasamoy Sur]], with key members including [[Haridas Dutta]], [[Prafulla Dutta]], [[Nikunja Sen]], [[Supati Roy]], and [[Suresh Majumdar]].

To expand its reach, the Bengal Volunteers deployed experienced members to various districts to establish regional centres. These units focused on physical training, youth mobilization, and social service, replicating the organizational model developed in Kolkata. The objective was to instill patriotism and prepare volunteers for direct revolutionary action.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arrest of Congress Leaders |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitsbudget19300807-1.2.51?qt=subhas,%20motilal,%20nehru&q=Subhas%20Motilal%20Nehru |work=The Straits Budget |date=1930-08-07 |page=11}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Calcutta Political Prisoners on Hunger Strike |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19300423-1.2.41?qt=subhas,%20bengal,%20volunteers&q=Subhas%20Bengal%20volunteers |work=The Straits Times |date=1930-04-23 |page=11}}</ref>

To expand its reach, the Bengal Volunteers deployed experienced members to various districts to establish regional centres. These units focused on physical training, youth mobilization, and social service, replicating the organizational model developed in Kolkata. The objective was to instil patriotism and prepare volunteers for direct revolutionary action.<ref>{{cite news |title=Arrest of Congress Leaders |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitsbudget19300807-1.2.51?qt=subhas,%20motilal,%20nehru&q=Subhas%20Motilal%20Nehru |work=The Straits Budget |date=1930-08-07 |page=11}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Calcutta Political Prisoners on Hunger Strike |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitstimes19300423-1.2.41?qt=subhas,%20bengal,%20volunteers&q=Subhas%20Bengal%20volunteers |work=The Straits Times |date=1930-04-23 |page=11}}</ref>

The group’s central operations were based in Kolkata. The main office at 93/1/F Baithakkhana Road housed the editorial unit of their monthly publication Benu, edited by [[Bhupendra Kishore Rakshit Roy]]. A second, more covert operations centre was located at 7 Waliulla Lane, which served as the planning hub for armed missions.<ref>{{cite web |date=1945 |title=Mrityunjayee Kanailal |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.267045}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Arrest of Congress Leaders |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitsbudget19300807-1.2.51?qt=subhas,%20motilal,%20nehru&q=Subhas%20Motilal%20Nehru |work=The Straits Budget |date=1930-08-07 |page=11}}</ref>

The group’s central operations were based in Kolkata. The main office at 93/1/F Baithak khana Road housed the editorial unit of their monthly publication Benu, edited by [[Bhupendra Kishore Rakshit Roy]]. A second, more covert operations centre was located at 7 Waliulla Lane, which served as the planning hub for armed missions.<ref>{{cite web |date=1945 |title=Mrityunjayee Kanailal |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.267045}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Arrest of Congress Leaders |url=https://eresources.nlb.gov.sg/newspapers/digitised/article/straitsbudget19300807-1.2.51?qt=subhas,%20motilal,%20nehru&q=Subhas%20Motilal%20Nehru |work=The Straits Budget |date=1930-08-07 |page=11}}</ref>

Several secret hideouts functioned as safe houses and strategic meeting venues. These included [[Suresh Majumdar]]’s residence in [[Beliaghata]], Animesh Roy and Himanshu Banerjee’s house on [[Park Street, Kolkata|Park Street]], Rajen Guha’s home in [[Metiabruz]], and a house near Jagubazar, linked to [[Prafulla Dutta]]’s father-in-law, a judge. These locations stored arms and sheltered fugitives.

Several secret hideouts functioned as safe houses and strategic meeting venues. These included [[Suresh Majumdar]]’s residence in [[Beliaghata]], Animesh Roy and Himanshu Banerjee’s house on [[Park Street, Kolkata|Park Street]], Rajen Guha’s home in [[Metiabruz]], and a house near Jagubazar, linked to [[Prafulla Dutta]]’s father-in-law, a judge. These locations stored arms and sheltered fugitives.

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| foot_montage = '''Top row (left to right):''' [[Surya Sen]], [[Ananta Singh]]; '''Bottom row (left to right):''' [[Lokenath Bal]], [[Ambika Chakrabarty]], and [[Ganesh Ghosh]].

| foot_montage = '''Top row (left to right):''' [[Surya Sen]], [[Ananta Singh]]; '''Bottom row (left to right):''' [[Lokenath Bal]], [[Ambika Chakrabarty]], and [[Ganesh Ghosh]].

}}[[Surya Sen]] maintained correspondence with the Bengal Volunteers and spearheaded anti-British operations as the leading figure in [[Chittagong]]. Under his initiative, a political conference was held in '''Chittagong in 1929''', aiming to present the revolutionaries as political workers advocating a militant ideology. Notable figures like [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], [[Jatindra Mohan Sengupta]], [[Jyotish Ghosh]], '''Prof. Nripen Bandopadhyay''', and '''Latika Bose''' attended. Subhas Chandra’s presence affirmed his active engagement with the revolutionary stream from within the Congress and his vision to extend the reach of the Bengal Volunteers across Bengal. By 1934, the British government eventually proscribed [[Surya Sen]]’s organization.<ref>{{cite web |date=1960 |title=Chattogram Yuba Bidroha |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.302054/page/n1/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.266802</ref>

}}[[Surya Sen]] maintained correspondence with the Bengal Volunteers and spearheaded anti-British operations as the leading figure in [[Chittagong]]. Under his initiative, a political conference was held in '''Chittagong in 1929''', aiming to present the revolutionaries as political workers advocating a militant ideology. Notable figures like [[Subhas Chandra Bose]], [[Jatindra Mohan Sengupta]], [[Jyotish Ghosh]], Nripen Bandopadhyay, and [[Latika Ghosh]] attended. Subhas Chandra’s presence affirmed his active engagement with the revolutionary stream from within the Congress and his vision to extend the reach of the Bengal Volunteers across Bengal. By 1934, the British government eventually proscribed [[Surya Sen]]’s organization.<ref>{{cite web |date=1960 |title=Chattogram Yuba Bidroha |url=https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.302054/page/n1/mode/2up}}</ref><ref>https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.266802</ref>

The Bengal Volunteers also maintained '''close ties with''' the [[Anushilan Samiti]] and the [[Jugantar Party]]. Notably, [[Mukul Sen]] from [[Anushilan Samiti]], [[Kiran Chandra Mukherjee]] and [[Bhupendra Kumar Datta|Bhupendra Datta]] of [[Jugantar]] shared strategic links with the Bengal Volunteers, facilitating coordination and mutual support among the revolutionary underground across Bengal.<ref>https://gsmp.in/</ref> {{Photomontage

The Bengal Volunteers also maintained '''close ties with''' the [[Anushilan Samiti]] and the [[Jugantar Party]]. Notably, [[Mukul Sen]] from [[Anushilan Samiti]], [[Kiran Chandra Mukherjee]] and [[Bhupendra Kumar Datta|Bhupendra Datta]] of [[Jugantar]] shared strategic links with the Bengal Volunteers, facilitating coordination and mutual support among the revolutionary underground across Bengal.<ref>https://gsmp.in/</ref> {{Photomontage

== Expansion of Networks and Role of Women ==

== Expansion of Networks and Role of Women ==

A '''women’s wing''' was formed within the '''Bengal Volunteers Corps''' under the initiative of '''Subhas Chandra Bose''', with '''Latika Bose''' as its leader. During the '''Calcutta Congress session of 1928''', around '''300 women volunteers''' marched in military formation—marking a bold shift in women’s political participation. This corps would later be seen as a precursor to the [[Rani of Jhansi Regiment]] of the [[Azad Hind Fauj]].

A '''women’s wing''' was formed within the '''Bengal Volunteers Corps''' under the initiative of '''Subhas Chandra Bose''', with '''Latika Ghosh''' as its leader. During the '''Calcutta Congress session of 1928''', around '''300 women volunteers''' marched in military formation—marking a bold shift in women’s political participation. This corps would later be seen as a precursor to the [[Rani of Jhansi Regiment]] of the [[Azad Hind Fauj]].

Subhas Chandra’s revolutionary ideals inspired many women to take up the cause of [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]]. [[Bina Das]], [[Suniti Choudhury]], and [[Santi Ghose]] were among those deeply influenced by him. Historian [[Geraldine Forbes]] noted that numerous women joined the movement due to Bose’s charisma and commitment to national liberation.

Subhas Chandra’s revolutionary ideals inspired many women to take up the cause of [[Indian independence movement|Indian independence]]. [[Bina Das]], [[Suniti Choudhury]], and [[Santi Ghose]] were among those deeply influenced by him. Historian [[Geraldine Forbes]] noted that numerous women joined the movement due to Bose’s charisma and commitment to national liberation.