Bates College

=== 20th century ===

=== 20th century ===

[[File:V12-kennedy-910-D-0051.jpg|thumb|[[Robert F. Kennedy]] (second from left), in front of Smith Hall, during [[Bates College traditions|Winter Carnival]], 1944]]

[[File:V12-kennedy-910-D-0051.jpg|thumb|[[Robert F. Kennedy]] (second from left), in front of Smith Hall, during [[Bates College traditions|Winter Carnival]], 1944]]

In 1894, [[George C. Chase|George Colby Chase]] led Bates to increased national recognition,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/150-years/bates-greats/george-c-chase/|title=George C. Chase {{!}} 150 Years {{!}} Bates College |website=bates.edu|date=2010-03-22 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> and the college graduated one of the founding members of the [[Boston Red Sox]], [[Harry Lord]].<ref name="BH">{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/150-years/history/|title=A Brief History {{!}} 150 Years {{!}} Bates College |website=bates.edu|date=2010-03-22 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref><ref name="sabr.org">{{cite web|url=http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/7ef30196|title=Harry Lord {{!}} Society for American Baseball Research |website=sabr.org|access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> In 1920, the Bates Outing Club was founded and is one of the oldest collegiate outing clubs in the country,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/campus/student-orgs/student-clubs-and-organizations/|title=Student Clubs and Organizations {{!}} Campus Life {{!}} Bates College|website=bates.edu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123144204/http://www.bates.edu/campus/student-orgs/student-clubs-and-organizations/|archive-date=November 23, 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> the first at a private college to include both men and women from inception, and one of the few outing clubs that remain entirely student run.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/150-years/months/january/outing-club/|title=January 1920: The Outing Club's winter birth {{!}} 150 Years {{!}} Bates College |website=bates.edu|date=2010-03-22 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> The debate society of Bates College, the [[Brooks Quimby Debate Council]], became the first college debate team in the United States to compete internationally, and is the oldest collegiate coeducational debate team in the United States.<ref name="BT">{{Cite book|title=Bates Through the Years: an Illustrated History|last=Clark|first=Charles E.|publisher=Bates College, Lewiston, Maine|year=2005|location=Edmund Muskie Archives|page=37}}</ref> In February 1920, the debate team defeated [[Harvard College]] during the national debate tournament held at Lewiston City Hall. In 1921, the college's debate team participated in the first intercontinental collegiate debate in history against the [[Oxford Union]]'s debate team at the [[University of Oxford]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/150-years/months/february/debates-harvard/|title=Bates debates Harvard at City Hall {{!}} 150 Years {{!}} Bates College |website=bates.edu|date=2010-03-22 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> Oxford's first debate in the United States was against Bates in Lewiston, in September 1923.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1928&dat=19230829&id=_bMgAAAAIBAJ&pg=1100,3668337|title=Oxford and Bates to Meet in Debate August 23, 1923|website=Google News Archives|publisher=Lewiston Daily Sun|page=14|access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> In addition during this time, numerous academic buildings were constructed throughout the 1920s. In 1943, the [[V-12 Navy College Training Program]] was introduced at Bates. Bates maintained a considerable female student body and "did not suffer [lack in student enrollment due to military service involvement] as much as male-only institutions such as Bowdoin and Dartmouth."<ref name="BT" /> During the war, a victory ship was named the [[SS Bates Victory|SS ''Bates Victory'']], after the college.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usmm.org/victoryard.html|title=Victory Ships built by the United States Maritime Commission during World War II |website=usmm.org|access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> It was during this time future U.S. Attorney General [[Robert F. Kennedy]] enrolled along with hundreds of other sailor-students.<ref name="rfkenn">{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/150-years/months/july/navy-arrives/|title=July 1943: The Navy arrives {{!}} 150 Years {{!}} Bates College |website=bates.edu|date=2010-03-22 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Walter Isaacson">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RKzUqXc3BHgC|title=Profiles in Leadership: Historians on the Elusive Quality of Greatness|author=Walter Isaacson|date=October 17, 2011|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|isbn=9780393340761|author-link=Walter Isaacson}}</ref> The rise of social inequality and elitism at Bates is most associated with the 1940s, with an increase in racial and socioeconomic homogeneity. The college began to garner a reputation for predominately educating white students who come from upper-middle-class to affluent backgrounds.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Faith by Their Works: The Progressive Tradition at Bates College from 1855 to 1877|last=Larson|first=Timothy|publisher=Bates College Publishing|year=2005|location=Edmund S. Muskie Archives and Special Collections, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine|pages=Multi-source}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' detailed the atmosphere of the college in the 1960s with the following: "the prestigious Bates College—named for [[Benjamin Bates IV|Benjamin E. Bates]], whose riverfront mill on Canal Street in Lewiston was once Maine's largest employer—provided an antithesis: a leafy oasis of privilege. In the 1960s, it was really difficult for most Bates students to integrate in the community because most of the people spoke French and lived a hard life."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/20/sports/the-night-the-ali-liston-fight-came-to-lewiston.html|title=The Night the Ali-Liston Fight Came to Lewiston|last=Araton|first=Harvey|date=November 15, 2013|work=The New York Times|access-date=August 11, 2018|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>[[File:View from Hathorn Hall.jpg|thumb|View from the steps of [[Hathorn Hall]] in 2015]]During this time the college began to compete athletically with [[Colby College]], and in 1964, with Bowdoin created the [[Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://athletics.bowdoin.edu/sports/fball/2015-16/releases/20151105o8ddf1|title=Bowdoin Football Opens CBB Chase Saturday at Bates – Bowdoin November 5, 2015|website=athletics.bowdoin.edu|access-date=August 11, 2018|archive-date=August 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813004712/http://athletics.bowdoin.edu/sports/fball/2015-16/releases/20151105o8ddf1|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1967, President [[Thomas Hedley Reynolds]] promoted the idea of teacher-scholars at Bates and secured the construction of numerous academic and recreational buildings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/150-years/bates-greats/thomas-hedley-reynolds/|title=Thomas Hedley Reynolds {{!}} 150 Years {{!}} Bates College |website=bates.edu|date=2010-03-22 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> In 1984, Bates became one of the first liberal arts colleges to make the [[SAT]] and [[ACT (test)|ACT]] optional in the admission process.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/admission/optional-testing/|title=Optional Testing at Bates College |website=bates.edu|date=2013-06-06 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> Reynolds began the [[Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Chase Regatta|Chase Regatta]] in 1988, which features the President's Cup that is contested by Bates, Colby, and Bowdoin annually. In 1989, [[Donald West Harward]] became president of Bates and greatly expanded the college's overall infrastructure by building 22 new academic, residential and athletic facilities, including Pettengill Hall, the Residential Village, and the Coastal Center at Shortridge.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/past-presidents/bates-college-presidents/donald-west-harward/|title=Donald West Harward {{!}} Past Presidents {{!}} Bates College |website=bates.edu |date=2010-08-31 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/150-years/bates-greats/donald-w-harward/|title=Donald W. Harward {{!}} 150 Years {{!}} Bates College |website=bates.edu|date=2010-03-22 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> During the 1990s and mid-2000s, Bates consolidated its reputation of being a "playground for the elite",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sunjournal.com/2019/04/28/bates-students-fear-college-will-become-playground-for-elites/|title=Bates students fear college will become 'playground for elites'|last=Collins|first=Steve|date=November 28, 2019|website=Lewiston Sun Journal|access-date=April 20, 2020}}</ref> by educating upper-middle-class to affluent Americans,<ref name="DW">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thebatesstudent.com/2013/05/diversity-of-what/|title=Diversity of what?|last=Furlow|first=Matt|date=May 1, 2013|website=thebatesstudent.com|access-date=August 11, 2018|archive-date=August 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807223632/http://www.thebatesstudent.com/2013/05/diversity-of-what/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="RT">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thebatesstudent.com/2014/04/real-talk/|title=Real talk|last=Pham|first=Michelle|date=April 30, 2014|website=thebatesstudent.com|access-date=August 11, 2018|archive-date=August 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807222941/http://www.thebatesstudent.com/2014/04/real-talk/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thebatesstudent.com/2014/01/debunking-middle-class-myth/|title=Debunking the "Middle Class myth" {{!}} The Bates Student|last=Tatro|first=Devin|date=January 15, 2014|website=thebatesstudent.com|access-date=August 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807222430/http://www.thebatesstudent.com/2014/01/debunking-middle-class-myth/|archive-date=August 7, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> which led to student protests and reforms to make the college more diverse both racially, and socioeconomically.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shawker|first=Cheri|date=2016|title=White Priviliage at Bates College|url=http://scarab.bates.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1150&context=honorstheses|journal=Bates College|access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.chronicle.com/article/Bates-College-Students-Protest/93588|title=Bates College Students Protest Lack of Minorities April 13, 1994|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education|access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref>

In 1894, [[George C. Chase|George Colby Chase]] led Bates to increased national recognition,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/150-years/bates-greats/george-c-chase/|title=George C. Chase {{!}} 150 Years {{!}} Bates College |website=bates.edu|date=2010-03-22 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> and the college graduated one of the founding members of the [[Boston Red Sox]], [[Harry Lord]].<ref name="BH">{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/150-years/history/|title=A Brief History {{!}} 150 Years {{!}} Bates College |website=bates.edu|date=2010-03-22 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref><ref name="sabr.org">{{cite web|url=http://sabr.org/bioproj/person/7ef30196|title=Harry Lord {{!}} Society for American Baseball Research |website=sabr.org|access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> In 1920, the Bates Outing Club was founded and is one of the oldest collegiate outing clubs in the country,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/campus/student-orgs/student-clubs-and-organizations/|title=Student Clubs and Organizations {{!}} Campus Life {{!}} Bates College|website=bates.edu|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151123144204/http://www.bates.edu/campus/student-orgs/student-clubs-and-organizations/|archive-date=November 23, 2015|url-status=dead|access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> the first at a private college to include both men and women from inception, and one of the few outing clubs that remain entirely student run.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/150-years/months/january/outing-club/|title=January 1920: The Outing Club's winter birth {{!}} 150 Years {{!}} Bates College |website=bates.edu|date=2010-03-22 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> The debate society of Bates College, the [[Brooks Quimby Debate Council]], became the first college debate team in the United States to compete internationally, and is the oldest collegiate coeducational debate team in the United States.<ref name="BT">{{Cite book|title=Bates Through the Years: an Illustrated History|last=Clark|first=Charles E.|publisher=Bates College, Lewiston, Maine|year=2005|location=Edmund Muskie Archives|page=37}}</ref> In February 1920, the debate team defeated [[Harvard College]] during the national debate tournament held at Lewiston City Hall. In 1921, the college's debate team participated in the first intercontinental collegiate debate in history against the [[Oxford Union]]'s debate team at the [[University of Oxford]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/150-years/months/february/debates-harvard/|title=Bates debates Harvard at City Hall {{!}} 150 Years {{!}} Bates College |website=bates.edu|date=2010-03-22 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> Oxford's first debate in the United States was against Bates in Lewiston, in September 1923.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1928&dat=19230829&id=_bMgAAAAIBAJ&pg=1100,3668337|title=Oxford and Bates to Meet in Debate August 23, 1923|website=Google News Archives|publisher=Lewiston Daily Sun|page=14|access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> In addition during this time, numerous academic buildings were constructed throughout the 1920s. In 1943, the [[V-12 Navy College Training Program]] was introduced at Bates. Bates maintained a considerable female student body and "did not suffer [lack in student enrollment due to military service involvement] as much as male-only institutions such as Bowdoin and Dartmouth."<ref name="BT" /> During the war, a victory ship was named the [[SS Bates Victory|SS ''Bates Victory'']], after the college.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.usmm.org/victoryard.html|title=Victory Ships built by the United States Maritime Commission during World War II |website=usmm.org|access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> It was during this time future U.S. Attorney General [[Robert F. Kennedy]] enrolled along with hundreds of other sailor-students.<ref name="rfkenn">{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/150-years/months/july/navy-arrives/|title=July 1943: The Navy arrives {{!}} 150 Years {{!}} Bates College |website=bates.edu|date=2010-03-22 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref><ref name="Walter Isaacson">{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RKzUqXc3BHgC|title=Profiles in Leadership: Historians on the Elusive Quality of Greatness|author=Walter Isaacson|date=October 17, 2011|publisher=[[Simon & Schuster]]|isbn=9780393340761|author-link=Walter Isaacson}}</ref> The rise of social inequality and elitism at Bates is most associated with the 1940s, with an increase in racial and socioeconomic homogeneity. The college began to garner a reputation for predominately educating white students who come from upper-middle-class to affluent backgrounds.<ref>{{Cite book|title=Faith by Their Works: The Progressive Tradition at Bates College from 1855 to 1877|last=Larson|first=Timothy|publisher=Bates College Publishing|year=2005|location=Edmund S. Muskie Archives and Special Collections, Bates College, Lewiston, Maine|pages=Multi-source}}</ref> ''[[The New York Times]]'' detailed the atmosphere of the college in the 1960s with the following: "the prestigious Bates College—named for [[Benjamin Bates IV|Benjamin E. Bates]], whose riverfront mill on Canal Street in Lewiston was once Maine's largest employer—provided an antithesis: a leafy oasis of privilege. In the 1960s, it was really difficult for most Bates students to integrate in the community because most of the people spoke French and lived a hard life."<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2015/05/20/sports/the-night-the-ali-liston-fight-came-to-lewiston.html|title=The Night the Ali-Liston Fight Came to Lewiston|last=Araton|first=Harvey|date=November 15, 2013|work=The New York Times|access-date=August 11, 2018|issn=0362-4331}}</ref>[[File:View from Hathorn Hall.jpg|thumb|View from the steps of [[Hathorn Hall]] in 2015]]During this time the college began to compete athletically with [[Colby College]], and in 1964, with Bowdoin created the [[Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Consortium]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://athletics.bowdoin.edu/sports/fball/2015-16/releases/20151105o8ddf1|title=Bowdoin Football Opens CBB Chase Saturday at Bates – Bowdoin November 5, 2015|website=athletics.bowdoin.edu|access-date=August 11, 2018|archive-date=August 13, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180813004712/http://athletics.bowdoin.edu/sports/fball/2015-16/releases/20151105o8ddf1|url-status=dead}}</ref> In 1967, President [[Thomas Hedley Reynolds]] promoted the idea of teacher-scholars at Bates and secured the construction of numerous academic and recreational buildings.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/150-years/bates-greats/thomas-hedley-reynolds/|title=Thomas Hedley Reynolds {{!}} 150 Years {{!}} Bates College |website=bates.edu|date=2010-03-22 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> In 1984, Bates became one of the first liberal arts colleges to make the [[SAT]] and [[ACT (test)|ACT]] optional in the admission process.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/admission/optional-testing/|title=Optional Testing at Bates College |website=bates.edu|date=2013-06-06 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> Reynolds began the [[Colby-Bates-Bowdoin Chase Regatta|Chase Regatta]] in 1988, which features the President's Cup that is contested by Bates, Colby, and Bowdoin annually. In 1989, [[Donald West Harward]] became president of Bates and greatly expanded the college's overall infrastructure by building 22 new academic, residential and athletic facilities, including Pettengill Hall, the Residential Village, and the Coastal Center at Shortridge.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/past-presidents/bates-college-presidents/donald-west-harward/|title=Donald West Harward {{!}} Past Presidents {{!}} Bates College |website=bates.edu |date=2010-08-31 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bates.edu/150-years/bates-greats/donald-w-harward/|title=Donald W. Harward {{!}} 150 Years {{!}} Bates College |website=bates.edu|date=2010-03-22 |access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref> During the 1990s and mid-2000s, Bates consolidated its reputation of being a "playground for the elite",<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.sunjournal.com/2019/04/28/bates-students-fear-college-will-become-playground-for-elites/|title=Bates students fear college will become 'playground for elites'|last=Collins|first=Steve|date=November 28, 2019|website=Lewiston Sun Journal|access-date=April 20, 2020}}</ref> by educating upper-middle-class to affluent Americans,<ref name="DW">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thebatesstudent.com/2013/05/diversity-of-what/|title=Diversity of what?|last=Furlow|first=Matt|date=May 1, 2013|website=thebatesstudent.com|access-date=August 11, 2018|archive-date=August 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807223632/http://www.thebatesstudent.com/2013/05/diversity-of-what/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="RT">{{Cite web|url=http://www.thebatesstudent.com/2014/04/real-talk/|title=Real talk|last=Pham|first=Michelle|date=April 30, 2014|website=thebatesstudent.com|access-date=August 11, 2018|archive-date=August 7, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807222941/http://www.thebatesstudent.com/2014/04/real-talk/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thebatesstudent.com/2014/01/debunking-middle-class-myth/|title=Debunking the "Middle Class myth" {{!}} The Bates Student|last=Tatro|first=Devin|date=January 15, 2014|website=thebatesstudent.com|access-date=August 11, 2018|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160807222430/http://www.thebatesstudent.com/2014/01/debunking-middle-class-myth/|archive-date=August 7, 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> which led to student protests and reforms to make the college more diverse, both racially and socioeconomically.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Shawker|first=Cheri|date=2016|title=White Priviliage at Bates College|url=http://scarab.bates.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1150&context=honorstheses|journal=Bates College|access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.chronicle.com/article/Bates-College-Students-Protest/93588|title=Bates College Students Protest Lack of Minorities April 13, 1994|work=The Chronicle of Higher Education|access-date=August 11, 2018}}</ref>

=== 21st century ===

=== 21st century ===