Anime

Early anime works were made for theatrical viewing, and required played musical components before sound and vocal components were added to the production. In 1958, [[Nippon Television]] aired ''Mogura no Abanchūru'' ("[[Mole's Adventure]]"), both the first televised and first color anime to debut.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-06-19/oldest-tv-anime-color-screenshots-posted|title=Oldest TV Anime's Color Screenshots Posted|work=[[Anime News Network]]|date=June 19, 2013|access-date=July 17, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726055523/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-06-19/oldest-tv-anime-color-screenshots-posted|archive-date=July 26, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> It was not until the 1960s when the first televised series were broadcast and it has remained a popular medium since.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=13}} Works released in a direct-to-video format are called "[[original video animation]]" (OVA) or "original animation video" (OAV); and are typically not released theatrically or televised prior to home media release.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=14}}<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/lexicon.php?id=35 | title=Original Animation Video (OAV/OVA) | work=Anime News Network | access-date=September 5, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215085311/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/lexicon.php?id=35 | archive-date=February 15, 2008 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=per WP:A&M/RS#Situational, Anime News Network's encyclopedia is not a reliable source|date=February 2022}} The emergence of the Internet has led some animators to distribute works online in a format called "[[original net animation]]" (ONA).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/lexicon.php?id=37 | title=Original Net Anime (ONA) | work=Anime News Network | access-date=September 5, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002014105/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/lexicon.php?id=37 | archive-date=October 2, 2013 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=per WP:A&M/RS#Situational, Anime News Network's encyclopedia is not a reliable source|date=February 2022}}

Early anime works were made for theatrical viewing, and required played musical components before sound and vocal components were added to the production. In 1958, [[Nippon Television]] aired ''Mogura no Abanchūru'' ("[[Mole's Adventure]]"), both the first televised and first color anime to debut.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-06-19/oldest-tv-anime-color-screenshots-posted|title=Oldest TV Anime's Color Screenshots Posted|work=[[Anime News Network]]|date=June 19, 2013|access-date=July 17, 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726055523/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2013-06-19/oldest-tv-anime-color-screenshots-posted|archive-date=July 26, 2013|url-status=live}}</ref> It was not until the 1960s when the first televised series were broadcast and it has remained a popular medium since.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=13}} Works released in a direct-to-video format are called "[[original video animation]]" (OVA) or "original animation video" (OAV); and are typically not released theatrically or televised prior to home media release.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=14}}<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/lexicon.php?id=35 | title=Original Animation Video (OAV/OVA) | work=Anime News Network | access-date=September 5, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080215085311/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/lexicon.php?id=35 | archive-date=February 15, 2008 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=per WP:A&M/RS#Situational, Anime News Network's encyclopedia is not a reliable source|date=February 2022}} The emergence of the Internet has led some animators to distribute works online in a format called "[[original net animation]]" (ONA).<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/lexicon.php?id=37 | title=Original Net Anime (ONA) | work=Anime News Network | access-date=September 5, 2013 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131002014105/http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/encyclopedia/lexicon.php?id=37 | archive-date=October 2, 2013 | url-status=live | df=mdy-all }}</ref>{{Better source needed|reason=per WP:A&M/RS#Situational, Anime News Network's encyclopedia is not a reliable source|date=February 2022}}

The home distribution of anime releases was popularized in the 1980s with the VHS and [[LaserDisc]] formats.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=14}} The VHS [[NTSC]] video format used in both Japan and the United States is credited with aiding the rising popularity of anime in the 1990s.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=14}} The LaserDisc and VHS formats were transcended by the DVD format which offered unique advantages, including multiple subtitling and dubbing tracks on the same disc.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=15}} The DVD format also had its drawbacks in its usage of [[DVD region code|region coding]], adopted by the industry to combat licensing, piracy and exporting problems usage in restricted regions as indicated on the DVD player.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=15}} The [[Video CD]] (VCD) format was popular in Hong Kong and Taiwan, but became only a minor format in the United States that was closely associated with [[counterfeit|bootleg]] copies.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=15}}

The home distribution of anime releases was popularized in the 1980s with the VHS and [[LaserDisc]] formats.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=14}} The VHS [[NTSC]] video format used in both Japan and the United States is credited with aiding the rising popularity of anime in the 1990s.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=14}} The LaserDisc and VHS formats were transcended by the DVD format which offered unique advantages, including multiple subtitling and dubbing tracks on the same disc.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=15}} The DVD format also had its drawbacks in its usage of [[DVD region code|region coding]], adopted by the industry to combat licensing, piracy and exporting, as well as usage in restricted regions indicated on the DVD player.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=15}} The [[Video CD]] (VCD) format was popular in Hong Kong and Taiwan, but became only a minor format in the United States that was closely associated with [[counterfeit|bootleg]] copies.{{sfn|Poitras|2000|p=15}}

A key characteristic of many anime television shows is serialization, where a continuous [[story arc]] stretches over multiple episodes or seasons. Traditional [[American television]] had an episodic format, with each episode typically consisting of a self-contained story. In contrast, anime shows such as ''[[Dragon Ball Z]]'' had a serialization format, where continuous story arcs stretch over multiple episodes or seasons, which distinguished them from traditional American television shows; serialization has since also become a common characteristic of American [[streaming television]] shows during the "[[Peak TV]]" era.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ziegler |first1=John R. |last2=Richards |first2=Leah |title=Representation in Steven Universe |date=9 January 2020 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |isbn=978-3-030-31881-9 |page=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1m_JDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10 |access-date=November 10, 2021 |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928172717/https://books.google.com/books?id=1m_JDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>

A key characteristic of many anime television shows is serialization, where a continuous [[story arc]] stretches over multiple episodes or seasons. Traditional [[American television]] had an episodic format, with each episode typically consisting of a self-contained story. In contrast, anime shows such as ''[[Dragon Ball Z]]'' had a serialization format, where continuous story arcs stretch over multiple episodes or seasons, which distinguished them from traditional American television shows; serialization has since also become a common characteristic of American [[streaming television]] shows during the "[[Peak TV]]" era.<ref>{{cite book |last1=Ziegler |first1=John R. |last2=Richards |first2=Leah |title=Representation in Steven Universe |date=9 January 2020 |publisher=[[Springer Nature]] |isbn=978-3-030-31881-9 |page=10 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1m_JDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10 |access-date=November 10, 2021 |archive-date=September 28, 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230928172717/https://books.google.com/books?id=1m_JDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA10#v=onepage&q&f=false |url-status=live }}</ref>